Primary historical driver
Failure reasons
Platforms are grouped by the primary reason currently assigned in the registry. These labels summarize the main driver, not the entire failure chain.
- Reason groups
- 11
- Platforms
- 142
- Assigned
- 54
- Unknown
- 88
Failure class
acquisition
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| StablehouseCentralized yield platform · stablehouse.com | Acquired | Not applicable | High | Bermuda / Global |
Failure class
Counterparty exposure
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gemini Earnexchange earn · gemini.com | Operations ended | Full repayment | High | United States |
| Yield AppCentralized yield platform · yield.app | Operations ended | Claims ongoing | High | Seychelles / Global |
| DelioCentralized yield platform · delio.io | Bankrupt | Claims ongoing | High | South Korea |
| CoinFLEXexchange earn · coinflex.com | Restructuring | Claims ongoing | High | Seychelles / Global |
| Zipmexexchange earn · zipmex.com | Operations ended | Claims ongoing | High | Singapore / Thailand / Indonesia / Australia |
| DonutCrypto interest account · donut.app | Operations ended | Claims ongoing | High | United States |
| FinbloxCentralized yield platform · finblox.com | Operations ended | Partial repayment | Medium | Hong Kong / United Kingdom / Global |
| Nuri Bitcoin Interest AccountCrypto interest account · nuri.com | Operations ended | Claims ongoing | High | Germany / European Union |
| Liquid Earnexchange earn · liquid.com | Withdrawals suspended | Claims ongoing | High | Japan / Singapore / Global |
| BlockFiCrypto interest account · blockfi.com | Operations ended | Full repayment | Medium | United States |
| Voyager DigitalBorrow/lend platform · investvoyager.com | Operations ended | Partial repayment | Medium | United States / Canada |
| Genesis Global CapitalCeFi lending · genesistrading.com | Operations ended | Partial repayment | Medium | United States |
Failure class
Insolvency
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FreewayCentralized yield platform · freeway.io | Operations ended | Claims ongoing | High | Cayman Islands / Seychelles / Global |
| AAX Savingsexchange earn · aax.com | Bankrupt | Unknown | High | Hong Kong / Singapore / Malta / Seychelles / Cayman Islands / Global |
| FTX Earnexchange earn · ftx.com | Bankrupt | Claims ongoing | High | Bahamas / United States / Global |
| Celsius NetworkCrypto interest account · celsius.network | Operations ended | Partial repayment | Medium | United States |
| Haru InvestCentralized yield platform · haruinvest.com | Bankrupt | Claims ongoing | Medium | South Korea |
| CoinLoanCeFi lending · coinloan.io | Bankrupt | Claims ongoing | High | Estonia / Global |
Failure class
Liquidity crisis
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babel FinanceInstitutional lending · babel.finance | Restructuring | Claims ongoing | High | Hong Kong / Singapore |
| BlockFillsInstitutional lending · blockfills.com | Restructuring | Claims ongoing | High | United States |
| Neutrlstructured yield · neutrl.finance | Withdrawals suspended | Claims ongoing | High | unknown |
| VauldCrypto interest account · vauld.com | Restructuring | Claims ongoing | Medium | Singapore / India |
Failure class
market collapse
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchor Protocoldefi lending · anchorprotocol.com | Operations ended | No recovery | Medium | Terra ecosystem / Global |
| StablegainsCentralized yield platform · stablegains.com | Operations ended | Unknown | Medium | United States / Global |
| HodlnautCrypto interest account · hodlnaut.com | Operations ended | Claims ongoing | Medium | Singapore |
Failure class
Misconduct
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BitConnect Lending ProgramCentralized yield platform · bitconnect.co | Operations ended | Partial repayment | High | United Kingdom / Global |
| MyConstantBorrow/lend platform · myconstant.com | Operations ended | Claims ongoing | High | United States / Vietnam / Global |
| CredCrypto interest account · mycred.io | Operations ended | Claims ongoing | High | United States / Global |
Failure class
Regulatory action
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AbraCrypto interest account · abra.com | Limited | Partial repayment | High | United States / Global |
| Kraken Staking Programexchange earn · kraken.com | Limited | Not applicable | High | United States / Global |
| Coinbase Stakingexchange earn · coinbase.com | Active | Not applicable | Medium | United States / Global |
| Nexo Earn Interest ProductCrypto interest account · nexo.com | Limited | Not applicable | High | United Kingdom / Bulgaria / Global |
| Linus FinancialCrypto interest account · getlinus.io | Operations ended | Full repayment | High | United States |
| Block Earner Earner ProductCrypto interest account · blockearner.com.au | Operations ended | Full repayment | High | Australia |
| BitLendingClubBorrow/lend platform · bitlendingclub.com | Operations ended | Unknown | Medium | Bulgaria / Global |
| Kriptomat KriptoEarnexchange earn · kriptomat.io | Operations ended | Unknown | High | Estonia / European Union |
| Finder EarnCrypto interest account · finder.com.au | Operations ended | Full repayment | High | Australia |
Failure class
Restructuring
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goldfinchdefi lending · goldfinch.finance | Limited | Claims ongoing | High | Global / United States |
Failure class
risk mismanagement
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Midas InvestmentsCentralized yield platform · midas.investments | Operations ended | Partial repayment | High | Global |
| InlockCrypto interest account · inlock.io | Operations ended | Partial repayment | High | Hungary / Lithuania / European Union |
Failure class
Unknown
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NexoCrypto interest account · nexo.com | Active | Not applicable | Medium | Europe / Global |
| LednBorrow/lend platform · ledn.io | Active | Not applicable | Medium | Canada / Global |
| Crypto.com Earnexchange earn · crypto.com | Active | Not applicable | Medium | Singapore / Global |
| Venus Protocoldefi lending · venus.io | Active | Unknown | High | Global |
| Compounddefi lending · compound.finance | Active | Unknown | High | Global |
| Aavedefi lending · aave.com | Active | Unknown | High | Global |
| Silo Financedefi lending · silo.finance | Active | Unknown | High | Global |
| Morphodefi lending · morpho.org | Active | Unknown | High | Global |
| Moonwelldefi lending · moonwell.fi | Active | Unknown | High | Global |
| SALT LendingBorrow/lend platform · saltlending.com | Active | Not applicable | High | United States / Global |
| AQRUCentralized yield platform · aqru.io | Limited | Not applicable | Medium | Bulgaria / United Kingdom / Global |
| YouHodlerBorrow/lend platform · youhodler.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Switzerland / European Union / Global |
| Wirex X-AccountsCrypto interest account · wirexapp.com | Active | Not applicable | High | United Kingdom / European Union / Global |
| SwissBorg Earnyield aggregator · swissborg.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Switzerland / European Union / Global |
| CoinRabbitBorrow/lend platform · coinrabbit.io | Active | Not applicable | High | Global |
| NebeusBorrow/lend platform · nebeus.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Spain / United Kingdom / European Union / Global |
| MatrixportBorrow/lend platform · matrixport.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Singapore / Hong Kong / Global |
| Coinchangeyield aggregator · coinchange.io | Active | Not applicable | High | Canada / United States / Poland / Global |
| YieldNodesCentralized yield platform · yieldnodes.com | Restructuring | Claims ongoing | Medium | Hong Kong / Malta / Global |
| BakeCentralized yield platform · bake.io | Limited | Unknown | High | Singapore / Lithuania / Poland / Global |
| BlueBenxCentralized yield platform · bluebenx.com | Withdrawals suspended | Unknown | High | Brazil |
| KuCoin Earnexchange earn · kucoin.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global |
| OKX Simple Earnexchange earn · okx.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Gate Simple Earnexchange earn · gate.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Bybit Easy Earnexchange earn · bybit.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Binance Simple Earnexchange earn · binance.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Bitget Simple Earnexchange earn · bitget.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Phemex Savingsexchange earn · phemex.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| WhiteBIT Crypto Lendingexchange earn · whitebit.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Europe / Global |
| HTX Simple Earnexchange earn · htx.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| CoinEx Flexible Savingsexchange earn · coinex.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| BingX Earnexchange earn · bingx.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| MEXC Savingsexchange earn · mexc.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Bitfinex Margin Fundingexchange earn · bitfinex.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Poloniex Earnexchange earn · poloniex.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Flipster Earnexchange earn · flipster.io | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Bitrue Power Piggyexchange earn · bitrue.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| BloFin Earnexchange earn · blofin.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| LBank Earnexchange earn · lbank.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Toobit Earnexchange earn · toobit.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Bitunix Easy Earnexchange earn · bitunix.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| AscendEX Earnexchange earn · ascendex.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Bitpanda Earnexchange earn · bitpanda.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Austria / Europe / jurisdiction-dependent |
| CEX.IO Earnexchange earn · cex.io | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Bitvavo Earnexchange earn · bitvavo.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Netherlands / Europe / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Coinmetro BTC EarnCentralized yield platform · coinmetro.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Estonia / Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Uphold Stakingexchange earn · uphold.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| HashKey Exchange ETH Stakingexchange earn · hashkey.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Hong Kong |
| eToro Stakingexchange earn · etoro.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Robinhood Crypto Stakingexchange earn · robinhood.com | Active | Not applicable | High | United States / Europe / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Bitstamp Earn Stakingexchange earn · bitstamp.net | Active | Not applicable | High | Europe / Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Revolut Crypto Stakingexchange earn · revolut.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Europe / Global / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Bitso Earningsexchange earn · bitso.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Latin America / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Luno Stakingexchange earn · luno.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Malaysia / Nigeria / South Africa / jurisdiction-dependent |
| Ndax Stakingexchange earn · ndax.io | Active | Not applicable | High | Canada |
| VALR Stakingexchange earn · valr.com | Active | Not applicable | High | South Africa / Global |
| Newton Earn (Staking)exchange earn · newton.co | Active | Not applicable | High | Canada |
| Wealthsimple Crypto Stakingexchange earn · wealthsimple.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Canada |
| Bit2Me EarnCentralized yield platform · bit2me.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Spain / Europe |
| Coinmerce EarnCentralized yield platform · coinmerce.io | Active | Not applicable | High | Netherlands / Europe |
| XORA FinanceCentralized yield platform · xora.finance | Active | Unknown | Medium | Sweden / Global |
| IZAKA-YACentralized yield platform · izakaya.tech | Active | Not applicable | Medium | Hong Kong |
| BTCC Earnexchange earn · btcc.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Poland / jurisdiction-dependent |
| JBankdefi lending · jbank.vip | Limited | Unknown | Medium | Global / decentralized / JuCoin-associated |
| Smart Crypto LendingCeFi lending · scllending.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| BitLendingCeFi lending · bitlending.jp | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| HashHub LendingCeFi lending · hashhub-lending.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| Coincheck LendingCeFi lending · coincheck.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| GMO Coin Lending BasicCeFi lending · coin.z.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| PBR LENDINGCeFi lending · pbr-portobelloroad.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| FUELHASH CRYPTOLENDINGCeFi lending · fuel-hash.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| SBI VC Trade 貸コインCeFi lending · sbivc.co.jp | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| LINE BITMAX 暗号資産貸出サービスCeFi lending · bitmax.me | Operations ended | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| bitbank 暗号資産を貸して増やすCeFi lending · bitbank.cc | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| BITPOINT 貸して増やすCeFi lending · bitpoint.co.jp | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| BitTrade 貸暗号資産CeFi lending · bittrade.co.jp | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| OKJ 貸暗号資産CeFi lending · okcoin.jp | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| CoinTrade LendingCeFi lending · coin-trade.cc | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| HashKey Japan 貸暗号資産CeFi lending · tokyohash.jp | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| bitFlyer 定期貸しコインCeFi lending · bitflyer.com | Active | Not applicable | High | Japan |
| BitMEX EARNCentralized yield platform · bitmex.com | Unknown | Not applicable | High | Global |
| CoinDCX EarnCentralized yield platform · coindcx.com | Active | Not applicable | High | India / product-jurisdiction specific |
| CoinSwitch EARNCentralized yield platform · coinswitch.co | Active | Not applicable | High | India |
| Mudrex EarnCentralized yield platform · mudrex.com | Active | Not applicable | High | India / Global |
| Kinza Financedefi lending · kinza.finance | Limited | Not applicable | Medium | Global / BNB Chain ecosystem |
| ZebPay EarnCentralized yield platform · zebpay.com | Active | Not applicable | High | India / Global |
| MORE Marketsdefi lending · more.markets | Active | Unknown | Medium | Global / Flow ecosystem |
| Tectonicdefi lending · tectonic.finance | Limited | Unknown | Medium | Global / Cronos |
| Yay! StakingCentralized yield platform · yay.space | Active | Not applicable | Medium | Japan / global crypto ecosystem |
| Eulerdefi lending · euler.finance | Active | Not applicable | High | Global |
| C.R.E.A.M. Financedefi lending · cream.finance | Active | Unknown | High | Global |
Failure class
Voluntary shutdown
| Platform | Status | Outcome | Confidence | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BTCJamBorrow/lend platform · btcjam.com | Operations ended | Not applicable | Medium | United States / Global |
| Radiant Capitaldefi lending · radiant.capital | Limited | Claims ongoing | High | Global |
| XRPH Wallet StakingCentralized yield platform · xrphtoken.com | Operations ended | Not applicable | High | Global / operator jurisdiction unresolved |
| PillowCentralized yield platform · pillow.fund | Operations ended | Not applicable | High | Singapore / India / Global |
| FlintCentralized yield platform · flint.money | Operations ended | Not applicable | Medium | India / Singapore / Global |
| Bitbond Lending MarketplaceBorrow/lend platform · bitbond.com | Operations ended | Unknown | High | Germany / Global |
| BitMart Earn and Lendingexchange earn · bitmart.com | Limited | Unknown | High | Marshall Islands / Global |
| Hotbit Investment Productsexchange earn · hotbit.io | Operations ended | Partial repayment | High | Global |
| Swyftx Earnexchange earn · swyftx.com | Operations ended | Full repayment | High | Australia |
| Smart LendingCeFi lending · smartlending.jp | Operations ended | Unknown | High | Japan |