Historical event archive
A chronological record of launches, withdrawal suspensions, bankruptcy filings, restructurings, operational endings, and customer repayment milestones.
Archive controls
Filter by platform, event type, impact, confidence, or year without leaving the page.
Calendar year
BitMart planned to cease trading-platform operations at 15:59 UTC on 31 January 2027 while retaining limited post-termination account and withdrawal access for a specified period.
This is a future scheduled event as of the 5 August 2026 review date and is not evidence that operations have already ended.
Calendar year
XRPL.to reported from decompiled and runtime-reviewed XRPH Wallet code that staking and unstaking flows transmitted user seed material to an XRP Healthcare server. The finding materially changes the historical custody/key-control risk profile of the yield facility.
CYA does not assert that this staking path caused the full September 2026 XRPH Wallet drain; the forensic investigation states that most drained wallets had never staked.
Smart Lending announced on 2026-09-02 that, following a comprehensive review of its future service policy, its official website and My Page would close on 2026-09-04.
The first-party notice establishes the service-site and My Page closure date. It does not establish insolvency, customer loss, a claims process or a withdrawal suspension.
Blockaid reported that approximately 15.5 million WFLOW left MORE Markets' mFlowWFLOW lending reserve on Flow EVM in an exploit involving an Ankr bonded liquid-staking token and the protocol's E-Mode configuration. Blockaid estimated approximately USD 9.3 million of detector impact. MORE Markets said it was investigating the exploit claim and would publish findings.
The USD value is Blockaid's preliminary detector-impact estimate and must not be presented as a final confirmed protocol or user loss. Root cause, bad debt, recovery and user compensation remained unresolved in the reviewed same-day evidence.
Tectonic was reported to have suffered a major exploit on Cronos. Contemporary reporting estimated approximately USD 74-75 million in affected or attacker-controlled assets and described TONIC price manipulation followed by borrowing against inflated collateral. Roughly USD 6 million was reported bridged to Ethereum before Cronos validators halted the network; most remaining exploit-linked assets were reported stranded or frozen on Cronos. Final loss, formal root cause and recovery remain unresolved.
Neutrl said a problem with a strategy position had impaired liquidity for part of protocol reserves, reported approximately USD 27 million in available liquid assets, and said additional strategy positions and associated PnL were not presently liquid. It said recovery timing, amount and recoverable value could not yet be confirmed and targeted an early-redemption mechanism for NUSD and sNUSD in early September subject to contract deployment, audit, legal review and financial review.
The disclosure expressly leaves recoverable value and timing unresolved. Historical reserve totals and the later liquid-assets figure must not be subtracted to infer a proven loss amount.
Moonwell's post-mortem describes an exploit of the Base MAMO Core Market that combined collateral-accounting inflation with MAMO oracle-price manipulation. Emergency mitigation sharply reduced relevant borrow and supply caps. External reporting estimated approximately USD 8.7 million of losses, while the protocol separately reported approximately USD 9.131 million of remaining borrower obligations after liquidations; these metrics are not treated as interchangeable.
Market-level incident. No single canonical loss_usd or bad_debt_usd value is assigned because the reviewed sources describe different metrics and scopes.
IZAKA-YA stated that it had not imposed a platform-wide transfer or withdrawal halt, that some reviewed transfers were completed on 2026-08-25, and that remaining cases continued to be processed after individual safety and transaction checks. This follows the operator's 2026-08-24 disclosure of temporary restrictions on some accounts.
This is a continuation/status update to the account-level withdrawal restriction rather than evidence that all restrictions have ended. It records the operator's statement and does not independently verify completion for every affected customer.
BitMart scheduled all spot, futures, and other trading services to end at 01:00 UTC on 26 August 2026, with remaining positions subject to applicable settlement rules.
This is a future scheduled event as of the 5 August 2026 review date. It must be reverified after the deadline before being converted to a completed operations-ended event.
CryptoPanda announced that it had ended its partnership with IZAKA-YA and that transactions routed through an IZAKA-YA wallet connection would no longer be available. CryptoPanda cited information raising AML-related concerns regarding IZAKA-YA as the reason for reviewing and ending the relationship, while stating that transactions using other wallets would remain available.
This records the loss of a documented transaction/off-ramp path and the counterparty's stated reason for ending the partnership. It does not establish IZAKA-YA insolvency, fraud, a platform-wide withdrawal halt, or independent proof of the underlying AML concerns.
IZAKA-YA stated that it had identified some transactions suspected of involving illicit fund inflows or money laundering and temporarily stopped transfers and withdrawals for affected accounts while conducting safety checks and investigations. The operator explicitly stated that this was not a platform-wide withdrawal halt and that ordinary transfers and withdrawals could also take longer during enhanced monitoring.
This records the operator's first-party explanation and the existence of account-level restrictions. It does not establish insolvency, a platform-wide freeze, customer loss, criminal activity by any specific user, or that the operator's AML explanation independently proves the cause of every reported withdrawal problem.
Kinza's market UI displayed that new supply and borrow functions were disabled while repay and withdraw functions remained open.
Neutrl paused NUSD minting, redemptions and other protocol functions after circumstances affected protocol reserves. The protocol said the pause followed legal advice while it assessed the impact and did not identify the affected asset, venue or counterparty at that time.
This event records the operational restriction and reserve assessment. It does not establish insolvency, a realized loss, a hack or a smart-contract exploit.
IZAKA-YA announced an August 11–24 campaign advertising 100% annualized lending on selected terms and an additional transfer bonus described as an effective 150% annualized rate for qualifying users.
The 100% and 150% figures are preserved as issuer-advertised campaign formulas, not verified realized customer returns or evidence of platform solvency.
CYA verified current Binance jurisdiction-specific Simple Earn risk disclosures that distinguish the product from deposits and describe lending, segregation, priority-repayment and bankruptcy-return risks.
The review date records CYA's verification of current terms and is not presented as the original publication or launch date.
Current first-party materials describe active fixed-income, flexible-saving, staking, structured-yield, and collateralized-loan products across supported jurisdictions.
Current-state snapshot; rates, principal language, strategies, lockups, licenses, legal entities, custody, and availability can change.
Current first-party materials describe individual and business Earn accounts, API and vault infrastructure, and automated multi-strategy digital-asset yield products.
Current-state snapshot; APY, strategies, liquidity, fees, product access, and legal structure can change.
Coinchange describes on-chain strategy transparency and product-dependent custody or key-control arrangements while developing additional trust-minimized infrastructure.
First-party transparency and custody claims are recorded as claims and do not prove universal customer protection or eliminate strategy and counterparty risk.
AQRU's current site showed a USD 250,000 minimum balance, one displayed fixed-term receivables product, and multiple legacy crypto-yield products closed to new deposits.
Current-state snapshot supporting limited status; availability remains jurisdiction-dependent.
Current first-party materials described continuing lending, trading, custody, and yield services through Swiss and European entities with jurisdiction-specific restrictions and segregated-custody language.
Status and legal-structure snapshot; it does not imply identical regulatory protections in every jurisdiction.
Current Wirex materials described active Flexible, Plus, and Fixed X-Account variants with variable or fixed rates, weekly interest, different lockups, and different withdrawal conditions.
Current-state snapshot; country eligibility, assets, limits, rates, and exact terms can change.
Current SwissBorg materials described active Earn strategies, subscriptions, redemptions, APY presentation, risk scores, earnings history, and strategy-specific performance and service fees.
Current-state snapshot. Strategy availability, protocol exposure, payout timing, caps, cooldowns, APY, and fees can change.
Current first-party pages described active fixed and open-ended loans and an Earn product with daily accrual and flexible withdrawals.
Current-state snapshot; rates, assets, limits, verification, reserve practices, and availability can change.
Current first-party materials described continuing crypto-backed loans and multiple flexible or fixed Renting programs with daily rewards and program-specific lockups.
Current-state snapshot; exact reward rates, plans, contracting entity, assets, custody providers, and jurisdictional access can change.
A claimant publicly described an unresolved XORA withdrawal dispute and published screenshots. The material includes a Binance withdrawal record matching a separately reproduced 29,899.8 XRP deposit to the XORA-attributed treasury with destination tag 287588244, and depicts two conflicting account narratives: a manual AML hold tied to that tag and a separate phishing/no-account explanation. CYA has not authenticated the support screenshots or verified the requested withdrawal destination, final settlement, or customer outcome.
The event date marks the first preserved claimant post publishing support evidence, not the date the withdrawal problem necessarily began. Event type is 'other' because the reviewed evidence does not establish a platform-wide withdrawal suspension.
KuCoin announced the integration of Simple Earn Savings, Simple Earn Flexible and Crypto Lending Pro into Simple Earn Flexible while the KuCoin Earn platform remained active.
Product consolidation is recorded separately from the overall platform status and does not imply closure of KuCoin Earn.
BitMart announced that it would wind down trading-platform operations and discontinue Earn, Staking, Lending, Launchpad, and other products in phases under product-specific arrangements.
The notice is a schedule and process announcement. It does not establish completion of product redemption, trading cessation, or platform termination as of 5 August 2026.
BitMart began gradually stopping new registrations, cryptocurrency and fiat deposits, new spot orders, new futures positions, and automated trading services as part of the wind-down.
The measures began at 01:30 UTC and were described as gradual. Withdrawal services remained available subject to compliance and security review.
Goldfinch reported that Goldfinch Prime investors had been fully redeemed, no new deposits would be accepted and the Prime contract had been paused. The same update distinguished Prime from the legacy Goldfinch V1 deals, where repayments and recovery work remained ongoing. This marks a product wind-down and platform-wide transition to limited maintenance rather than a completed shutdown of all Goldfinch activity.
The event is intentionally bounded to the documented Prime wind-down plus legacy recovery transition. It does not mark all legacy pools repaid or the protocol fully terminated.
Inlock completed the wind-down of all active financial and token-related services and moved the platform to temporary read-only access before permanent decommissioning.
Read-only account access continued until 30 September 2026 and customer support until 31 December 2026.
Kriptomat's wind-down hub marked termination of KriptoEarn positions and the 30 June cessation of regulated services as completed, with assets moved to main wallets and residual balances transferred to read-only and manual-processing procedures.
Internal-wallet return and service termination do not prove that every customer completed an external withdrawal, Kraken transfer, manual claim, or account closure.
Wirex's migration FAQ set 30 June 2026 as the deadline for Classic Wirex support in the EEA, UK and Australia and states that active Classic X-Accounts in those regions are closed with funds returned to the main balance as part of the Wirex One migration.
Regional Classic Wirex migration event only. Do not interpret this as a global shutdown of X-Accounts; Wirex One and current Wirex materials continue to describe X-Accounts.
The High Court of Australia unanimously held that Earner was a facility through which users made a financial investment and a derivative, and that Block Earner required an Australian financial services licence.
The matter was remitted for determination of ASIC's penalty appeal.
IZAKA-YA announced a campaign for users transferring assets from other exchanges or wallets. The first step advertised total rewards equivalent to 1000% APR for a three-day lending period, combining the normal or campaign lending rate with an additional reward and subject to eligibility requirements and a reward cap.
This event records an issuer-advertised promotional rate and its conditions. It is not evidence of verified realized customer returns, universal payout, platform solvency, or a change in active status.
Bybit launched a BYUSDT campaign in June 2026 that allowed eligible users to swap USDT Flexible Easy Earn positions into BYUSDT while continuing to earn the underlying Easy Earn yield and using the same value as margin.
This records a product-integration milestone and does not change the active status of Easy Earn or the wider Bybit exchange.
Binance Academy's updated June 2026 guide described Simple Earn flexible and locked products and separated Simple Earn from higher-risk Advanced Earn strategies, confirming continued product operation.
This is a current-operation milestone, not the launch date of Simple Earn.
The official product and help pages continued to describe Crypto.com Earn availability, subject to asset, term, limit, and jurisdictional conditions.
Snapshot event for current active status, not a claim of universal availability.
After prolonged post-exploit recovery efforts failed to restore a viable operating runway, Radiant Capital DAO announced an orderly wind-down. Active development stopped, borrowing was disabled across Core and RIZv1 markets by setting caps to 1, RDNT emissions were discontinued, and treasury usage was restricted to essential operations. The protocol was not immediately shut down: the front end, immutable contracts, withdrawals, repayments, position management, remediation portal and recovery work were retained in a reduced maintenance state.
This is a wind-down transition rather than completed operations_ended. CYA should revisit the record after the announced front-end support window and if recovery/remediation infrastructure changes materially.
LINE Xenesis / LY Corporation announced the overall LINE BITMAX service would end on 2026-06-01. The shutdown plan stopped new lending applications and ended existing lending contracts sequentially as part of the closure process.
The platform shutdown date is not asserted as the exact termination date of every individual lending contract.
Bitunix updated Easy Earn product and agreement documentation covering flexible and fixed-term products and current risk mechanics.
This confirms current product operation and updated mechanics in 2026.
Updated Nebeus Renting Terms stated that users retain legal ownership while assets are locked, operationally controlled, and potentially deployed through Nebeus infrastructure and authorised providers.
The current ownership model differs materially from older first-party lease and rehypothecation language, so both versions are linked.
Kriptomat announced that it would stop offering crypto services by 30 June 2026 after withdrawing its MiCA authorisation application, while stating that it remained solvent and customer assets were available for withdrawal.
The announcement described a regulatory and business wind-down rather than insolvency, fraud, misconduct, or an enforcement shutdown.
CoinRabbit's updated terms defined the Earn Interest Product, daily accrual and withdrawal mechanics, and contractual ownership transfer for topped-up Earn assets and loan collateral.
Contractual event used to preserve ownership and use terms; it is not a customer-loss event.
A Kelp security incident beginning 2026-04-18 affected the Kelp-dependent ETH staking path used by Yay! Staking. Yay! paused new ETH staking and warned that unstaking could be delayed because it depended on Kelp contracts. On 2026-05-18 the Always Gain agETH vault remained closed even after rsETH resumed, and around 2026-05-25 Yay! reported the vault reopened and unstaking/withdrawals returned to normal.
This is a bounded product/path-level withdrawal and unstaking impairment with documented recovery. It must not be generalized into Yay!-wide insolvency, project shutdown, or permanent customer loss.
Updated platform terms restricted Bake to maintaining existing accounts and processing withdrawals of USD balances converted at the 15 April 2026 exchange rate; crypto trading, storage, deposits, new accounts, and other crypto functionality were blocked.
The platform remains available for account maintenance and USD withdrawals, so the canonical platform status is limited rather than fully operations-ended.
Nexo was reported to be returning to the U.S. market through a partner structure after earlier regulatory restrictions.
Jurisdictional availability should be monitored over time.
MEXC published the reviewed Earn Service Agreement governing Flexible and Fixed Savings and explicitly describing principal-loss, asset-use, APR and redemption risks.
The agreement is used for current risk and custody interpretation; it does not establish the original Savings launch date.
Bake announced that crypto-asset trading services would be suspended from 15 April 2026 as part of MiCA alignment, with withdrawals available before the cutoff and remaining balances to be converted to USD.
The company described the step as a business decision during regulatory transition rather than an enforcement order.
BloFin published the reviewed Earn Service Agreement governing Flexible, Fixed and Auto-Earn subscriptions, asset-use authorization, redemption and principal-risk terms.
The agreement is used for current risk and custody interpretation; it does not establish the service's original launch date.
HashKey Exchange launched ETH Staking for retail, professional and institutional clients at 4:00 PM HKT using an independent-node model with a 32 ETH minimum and a 20% service fee on generated rewards.
The exact launch date is supported by HashKey Exchange's first-party launch announcement. Network rewards are not fixed returns and are subject to validator and Ethereum network conditions.
HTX announced a Flexible Earn promotion and documented hourly accrual, compounding and redemption mechanics, confirming continuing Simple Earn/Flexible operation in 2026.
Current-operation evidence, not a launch event.
Bitrue published a new XRP Power Piggy flexible-staking pool with no lockup, confirming active Power Piggy operation in 2026.
This is a current product availability event, not the original Power Piggy launch date.
AscendEX announced six- and twelve-month REUR Fixed Earn products with published APRs and fixed-term reward mechanics.
This confirms continuing Fixed Earn operation in 2026 and represents a specific product launch, not the original umbrella Earn launch date.
YouHodler's current guide described an active Yield Account with supported assets, account-level eligibility, weekly settlement, and user-controlled start and withdrawal actions.
Current product-operation snapshot; rates, limits, assets, and jurisdictional availability can change.
An attacker targeted the THE market on Venus Protocol's BNB Chain core pool by combining direct token donations that bypassed the normal mint-time supply-cap check with exchange-rate inflation, thin-liquidity price manipulation and repeated borrowing. The attacker borrowed roughly USD 14.9 million in assets during the attack. After liquidation and unwinding, Venus reported approximately USD 2.15 million in bad debt, primarily in CAKE and THE. Borrowing and withdrawals in affected markets were paused and risk parameters were tightened while the protocol remained operational.
Gross assets borrowed during the attack and final bad debt are distinct metrics. The official post-mortem bounds the operational impact to affected markets rather than a protocol-wide shutdown.
Flipster required Premium Earn users to accept updated terms effective 5 March 2026, with balances automatically returned to USDT for users who did not accept the update.
This records a current Premium Earn terms transition, not an umbrella Flipster Earn relaunch.
The United Kingdom corporate register recorded final dissolution of FINBLOX LIMITED following voluntary strike-off proceedings.
Corporate dissolution corroborates an ended operating state, but the exact relationship to all Finblox customer entities and contracts is not assumed.
Toobit announced an ETH Flexible Earn product with variable APR and flexible subscription/redemption mechanics.
This is a current product-availability event, not the original Toobit Earn launch date.
BlockFills suspended client deposits and withdrawals while reportedly keeping some trading functionality available. Subsequent reporting said the firm hired restructuring advisers amid loan losses, mining-related losses, and accounting problems.
Ongoing case combining the verified client-transfer halt with later restructuring reporting; final legal and recovery outcome remains unresolved.
BTCC announced the launch of BTCC Earn with a Flexible Earn product advertised at up to 20% APY and a limited new-user two-day Fixed Earn promotion advertised at 300% APY.
This is the verified first-party BTCC Earn launch date. The headline APY figures are issuer-advertised product terms and are not treated as independently verified realized returns.
CryptoPanda announced a collaboration with partner IZAKA-YA in which users purchasing JPYR through CryptoPanda could participate in a JPYR lending campaign on IZAKA-YA, including a 10-day lending option and campaign benefits tied to purchased and lent amounts.
This event records first-party evidence of the CryptoPanda-to-IZAKA-YA commercial/product relationship requested by Issue #186. Campaign annualized-rate and reward figures remain issuer/promoter terms and are not treated as verified realized returns. CryptoPanda is not separately canonicalized as a CYA yield platform.
MEXC changed Flexible Savings interest calculation from daily to hourly accrual, effective 4 February 2026.
This is a documented product-mechanics update, not the original launch date.
Calendar year
Bitrue's 2026 outlook described Power Piggy as its long-running flexible-staking product and stated that more than 120 assets were available for staking on the platform.
The source confirms continuing operation but does not provide an exact original 2019 launch day.
The liquidators reported that the Seychelles Supreme Court directed a pari passu distribution approach for extensively commingled cryptoassets, while leaving open a narrow possibility of proprietary claims for assets that had not entered pooled wallets.
The date is the liquidators' publication date for the judgment summary.
LBank published first-party Spot Earn participation guidance describing flexible access, first-month subsidies and later arbitrage-linked yield mechanics.
This records a documented product/mechanics milestone, not the original LBank Earn launch date.
JBank announced an International Version for unsold long-term staked assets. The notice described release beginning after six months without user action or accelerated release through performance-based unlocking, and stated that no static returns would be generated during the waiting or unlocking period.
This event records an issuer-described change in access and return mechanics, not proof that all affected assets were subsequently released or that any advertised prior return was realized.
LBank published the reviewed agreement covering Spot Earn, Locked, Futures Earn and related services, including principal-loss and asset-use terms.
This establishes governing Earn terms by November 2025 but is not treated as an original launch event.
Bitpanda introduced Earn on Stablecoins for USDC and EURCV as part of the Bitpanda Earn suite and described the product as a stablecoin loan/title-transfer arrangement with a 14-day redemption period and explicit counterparty risk.
Product-specific launch. It does not replace or redefine the separate staking mechanism.
Bitget's Simple Earn Terms were updated on 29 September 2025 and documented third-party asset management, protocol risk, Bitget credit and operational risk, and the absence of guaranteed principal return or displayed rewards.
This is a terms-update milestone and does not imply a status change or product failure.
Bybit published a getting-started guide describing Easy Earn flexible and fixed products on 8 September 2025, establishing verified product operation by that date without asserting it as the exact launch date.
The source path retains legacy Savings wording while the page title and current content use Easy Earn. CYA does not infer the exact rename chronology from that alone.
Former Cred executives Daniel Schatt and Joseph Podulka were sentenced to federal prison after pleading guilty to wire-fraud conspiracy involving misleading representations to Cred customers.
The criminal sentences concern individual conduct and do not by themselves determine bankruptcy recoveries.
CoinEx announced an upgrade to its Flexible Savings product with a tiered subsidy structure and documented current flexible subscription, redemption and borrowing-linked yield mechanics.
The exact formal rename date from Financial Account to Flexible Savings remains unresolved.
BloFin published first-party guidance describing use of its Earn service with flexible and fixed subscription options.
This establishes reviewed operation by August 2025 but is not treated as the original BloFin Earn launch date.
Bitunix published the reviewed Easy Earn agreement defining flexible and fixed-term savings, account transfers, interest distribution and risk-reserve mechanics.
This is a governing-terms milestone and is not treated as the original Easy Earn launch date.
The SEC entered a settled order finding material misrepresentations, misuse and misappropriation of investor funds, and securities-law violations connected with MyConstant's Loan Matching Service.
The respondent consented to the order without admitting or denying most findings, while admitting jurisdiction and specified bankruptcy-discharge findings.
After resuming the judgment, CVM unanimously imposed sanctions on Bluebenx Tecnologia Financeira S.A. for fraudulent securities-market operations and for a public securities offering conducted without registration or exemption.
This is an administrative CVM decision and the sanctions were appealable with suspensive effect. It is not described as a criminal fraud conviction.
CoinRabbit launched a mobile app combining loan management, swaps, storage, and portfolio tools.
App-launch milestone for the continuing platform.
A CoinEx announcement adding assets to its yield product still called the product Financial Account and described interest distribution from borrowed coins in margin trading.
This establishes the predecessor name immediately before Flexible Savings documentation appeared; it is not a closure event.
The Full Federal Court dismissed ASIC's appeal and upheld the decision that Finder Earn was not a debenture and that Finder Wallet, renamed Wallet Ventures Pty Ltd, had not breached the Corporations Act as alleged.
Updated Phemex terms explicitly documented Phemex Savings within Earn and described non-segregation, commingling, operating-use, lending, staking and exceptional return-loss risks for Earn Assets.
This is a terms-update milestone, not a product failure or suspension event.
Finblox was reported to have closed services on 7 July 2025 after telling users that changing market dynamics and decline of the CeFi staking model made continued operation impractical.
The closure date is based on reporting that cited company emails; no directly accessible first-party closure page was found.
Inlock completed its Final Settlement program after partial legal compensation enabled a settlement offer, while scheduled releases continued for customers who did not accept the offer.
More than 75% of outstanding asset value was settled for accepting customers, but residual scheduled-release claims remained.
An attacker manipulated the oracle used by a Base Morpho lending market for Aerodrome cUSDO/USDC LP collateral. The attack created approximately 49.3k USDC of market bad debt. The market curator covered the shortfall internally within hours, after which no external lender loss remained and the affected market was moved to close-only allocation from the curator's vault.
The root cause was the market oracle design and curation, not a Morpho core-contract exploit. The bad debt was fully covered by the curator.
Bitvavo announced a redefined staking structure with Flex Staking for liquid reward earning and Fixed Staking for higher returns in exchange for a defined asset lock-up period.
This establishes the current Flex/Fixed staking structure but is not treated as the original launch date of the broader Bitvavo Earn umbrella.
Cork Gully reported that the liquidators had distributed 14 cents on the U.S. dollar to creditors in cryptocurrency within six months of appointment, while further recovery work continued.
The date is the liquidators' public confirmation date, not necessarily the exact transfer date.
Nexo announced plans to return to the U.S. market, making this a product-transition and regulatory-history record rather than a simple permanent shutdown case.
Later market-return event; exact product availability and terms should be checked separately.
Toobit announced active BTC Fixed and Flexible Earn products with subscription, interest and redemption mechanics.
This establishes reviewed Earn operation by April 2025 but is not treated as the original umbrella launch date.
The Full Federal Court allowed Block Earner's cross-appeal and held that Earner was not a financial product requiring a financial services licence.
This ruling was later overturned by the High Court.
The court confirmed the creditor list submitted by the CoinLoan bankruptcy trustee in proceeding 2-23-3290.
Creditor-list confirmation advanced the claims process but did not establish final recovery for every creditor class.
A Morpho App update contained an SDK configuration error that sent exact-amount token approvals to Bundler3 instead of the intended adapters. One bundled transaction was intercepted by a whitehat MEV bot, which later returned the funds. Morpho rolled back the frontend update within minutes of being alerted, and the protocol's smart contracts were not affected.
Application-layer configuration incident. The intercepted funds were returned; no protocol-wide contract loss is inferred.
WhiteBIT introduced flexible Crypto Lending plans alongside fixed plans, allowing interest accrual without a fixed lock-up period and withdrawal without forfeiting already accrued flexible-plan earnings.
This is a product-expansion milestone and does not imply a customer-outcome or failure state.
CEX.IO announced suspension of its older Automated Crypto Staking program effective 1 April 2025 while separately updating the reward structure for continuing Staking and Savings programs.
The event affects Automated Staking only. It is not treated as an end of the CEX.IO Earn umbrella or of all staking and savings products.
Gate stated that a borrowing-interest-based rate mechanism was applied across Simple Earn coins from 20 March 2025, with subscriber returns linked to lending funds to Gate borrowers.
The mechanism update is product-level and does not imply a change in the status of the wider Gate exchange.
OKJ announced the Web launch of its crypto-asset lending service 貸暗号資産 for 2025-02-28 at 17:00 JST, allowing customers to lend crypto assets to OKJ and receive contractual lending fees under offering-specific terms.
First-party launch authority. Published campaign and lending rates remain issuer product terms and are not treated as independently verified realized return.
The SEC announced a joint stipulation to dismiss the civil enforcement action against Coinbase and Coinbase Global while stating that dismissal did not reflect an assessment of the merits of the claims.
Dismissal event for the 2023 civil action.
A first-party status update says the proposed YieldNodes Pro launch remains dependent on unresolved regulatory issues and continued restructuring work.
The update does not establish a launch date, restored withdrawals, or completed recovery.
FTX and the FTX Recovery Trust announced that initial distributions had commenced for eligible holders of allowed Convenience Class claims, with later distributions extending to additional allowed claim classes.
This is a plan-level customer and creditor distribution milestone, not evidence of a product-specific FTX Earn recovery percentage or universal completed repayment.
A Riverside County court granted preliminary approval to a proposed class settlement built around a liquidating trust, pro rata customer distributions, and an additional payment by MyConstant's founder.
The settlement website continued to describe the arrangement as subject to final court approval; CYA does not classify the proposed distribution as completed repayment.
Kraken announced a new staking product for eligible U.S. clients in selected states after the earlier settlement, creating a product-transition history rather than a simple permanent shutdown record.
Treat as redesigned or relaunched staking availability, not the same as the settled 2023 product.
SALT stated that its California Financing Law license was reinstated and provided payoff, refinance, refund and collateral-return procedures for affected borrowers.
Current first-party website and help materials support continued lending and collateral-management operations.
Calendar year
SALT agreed to approximately $162,800 in borrower refunds, penalties, underwriting improvements, risk disclosures and procedures for closing or refinancing California loans.
The settlement addressed California loans and does not represent a universal platform-wide recovery process.
The Singapore High Court set aside resolutions purportedly passed at a Zipmex Asia creditors' meeting because of substantive irregularities and stated that the court would appoint a liquidator.
The decision concerned the validity of the Zipmex Asia liquidation process and creditor voting.
The Seoul Bankruptcy Court declared Delio bankrupt after finding grounds of payment inability based on the withdrawal halt, operating shutdown, and creditor situation, initiating liquidation and claim administration.
The event date is the court declaration date. It is not a final valuation or recovery date for every customer claim.
The Seoul Bankruptcy Court declared Haru Management Limited bankrupt after finding grounds of inability to pay. Contemporary court reporting identifies Haru Management Limited as the Haru Invest operating entity responsible for membership, product subscriptions, and management of customer virtual assets.
This event establishes bankruptcy of the operating entity and commencement of a court-supervised creditor process. It does not establish a completed customer distribution or resolve criminal allegations against Haru executives.
A targeted compromise of Radiant Capital's multisig signing workflow enabled attackers to obtain malicious signatures and take control of core lending contracts on Arbitrum and BNB Chain. Approximately USD 50 million was drained from core markets, and open-ended user token approvals were also abused to withdraw assets from user wallets. Recovery, tracking and remediation efforts followed, but Radiant later reported that affected users had not been fully remediated and that exploited funds remained unrecovered.
Official Radiant materials describe approximately USD 50M or USD 50M+; CYA records USD 50M as a conservative event metric and does not infer a universal final customer-loss figure.
CVM reported a unanimous decision imposing fines on Bluebenx Tecnologia Financeira S.A. and Roberto Cardassi for conducting a public securities offering without the required registration or exemption.
This administrative enforcement outcome does not determine customer recovery or the cause of the August 2022 withdrawal freeze.
Inlock reported that scheduled-release customers had received more than 103.4% of the fixed U.S.-dollar value of affected assets recorded at the November 2022 incident date.
The metric was cohort-specific and value-based; individual ratios and in-kind asset outcomes varied.
The SEC filed settled charges alleging unregistered offers and sales of Abra Earn and operation as an unregistered investment company; Abra consented to injunctions and penalties to be determined.
Abra settled without admitting or denying the allegations.
Genesis completed its restructuring and began distributing digital assets and U.S. dollars to creditors under its Chapter 11 plan.
This is an underlying Genesis distribution milestone; reviewed sources do not establish a universal Donut-specific recovery or completion date.
XRP Healthcare announced that it would stop accepting new XRPH staking contracts while allowing existing stakes to continue until their contractual terms expired.
This is a stop-new-stakes event, not a verified same-day termination of all existing staking positions.
After monetizing BlockFi's FTX-related claims, the plan administrator announced capacity for a near-term final distribution equal to 100% of allowed customer and general unsecured creditor claims in petition-date dollar terms.
This was a recovery and distribution announcement, not proof that every creditor had already received payment. It refers to allowed dollarized bankruptcy claims, not restoration of the original quantity or later market value of deposited crypto assets.
Yield App Limited entered insolvent liquidation and Stephen Cork and Hadley Chilton of Cork Gully LLP were appointed joint liquidators.
Liquidation is recorded under restructuring_started because the event taxonomy has no dedicated liquidation-start enum; the platform status remains operations_ended.
Yield App announced the immediate suspension of all activity on the platform as it prepared to enter liquidation proceedings, citing portfolio losses connected to third-party hedge fund managers that had held assets on FTX.
The suspension preceded the formal effective date of liquidation by several days.
Twenty-five state financial regulators announced a settlement requiring Abra to refund remaining virtual assets to U.S. customers in participating states, with penalties forgone to facilitate repayments.
CSBS said up to $82.1 million would be paid back to consumers once remaining assets were returned.
Mudrex announced Earn for supported crypto holdings, describing zero lock-in and staking-oriented rewards for supported assets.
The Federal Court relieved Block Earner from liability to pay a pecuniary penalty after finding that it acted honestly in an uncertain regulatory environment.
The contravention declarations remained; the ruling concerned penalty relief and costs.
OKX stated that Simple Earn Fixed became available to all eligible users from 30 May 2024, with supported fixed-term lending products whose returns begin after matching with borrowing demand.
This is a product-expansion milestone and is not treated as the launch date of the broader Simple Earn service.
Gemini announced that Earn users began receiving digital assets back in kind after the Genesis bankruptcy process enabled distributions.
Recovery event for Earn users.
Gemini announced that Earn users would receive in-kind distributions after the Genesis bankruptcy process and related settlement work.
This event is linked to Genesis through Gemini Earn but should be kept distinct from all Genesis creditor classes.
Thailand's Minister of Finance revoked Zipmex's digital-asset exchange and broker licenses after the company failed to complete required rectification measures. The company remained responsible for returning client assets.
The revocation was effective on 28 May 2024 and concerned the Thai licensed entity.
Gate published a Simple Earn bonus promotion on 27 May 2024, establishing that the product was already available by that date without treating the promotion date as the product's exact launch date.
This is a first-verified-existence milestone from the reviewed source set, not a launch event.
A bankruptcy judge approved Genesis's liquidation plan, clearing a path for distributions to customers and creditors.
Outcome differs by creditor class; Gemini Earn was a key related recovery case.
Robinhood Crypto launched its first-ever crypto staking product for European customers, initially supporting Solana with flexible unstaking.
The exact first-ever staking launch date is supported by Robinhood's first-party 15 May 2024 announcement. Later Ethereum and U.S. expansions do not change the original product launch date.
The Texas State Securities Board entered a consent order requiring cessation of unregistered securities offers and compliance with procedures for returning outstanding Texas customer assets.
The administrative fine was suspended and subject to extinguishment if Abra complied with the asset-return process.
The Seoul Rehabilitation Court dismissed Delio's rehabilitation application, citing the prolonged inability to conduct business, uncertainty around any restart, and doubts that going-concern value exceeded liquidation value.
The dismissal moved the creditor case away from rehabilitation but preceded the later bankruptcy declaration.
Flipster's reviewed first-party campaign FAQ states that the Flipster Earn Campaign began on 3 April 2024 at 00:00 UTC.
This is the verified start of the reviewed Earn Campaign lineage; it is not asserted to prove that no earlier Flipster yield feature existed.
A company split changed the HashHub Lending service provider from HashHub Inc. to newly established SBI Digital Finance Inc. effective 2024-04-01, with HashHub Lending-related contractual rights and obligations transferred to the new company and no customer balance-migration action required according to the first-party notice.
This is a first-party documented operator and contractual-counterparty transition, not an acquisition, shutdown, loss event or evidence of customer impairment.
A federal court allowed much of the SEC case against Coinbase to proceed while dismissing some claims, keeping staking and platform-regulation questions active.
Intermediate litigation posture event.
The Federal Court found that Finder Wallet did not provide unlicensed financial services in relation to Finder Earn and rejected ASIC's contention that the product was a debenture.
Gemini reached a settlement with the New York Department of Financial Services related to Earn and committed to return assets to Earn customers through the Genesis bankruptcy process.
Customer-outcome and settlement event.
Zipmex Pte Ltd was wound up by the Singapore High Court and a liquidator was appointed.
This date applies to the Singapore operating entity rather than every company in the group.
The Federal Court found that Earner was a financial product, that Block Earner provided unlicensed financial services and that the product operated as an unregistered managed investment scheme.
The Court rejected ASIC's equivalent case against the separate Access product.
Haru became the subject of legal proceedings related to customer deposits and alleged platform conduct.
Use conservative wording until direct court sources are added.
BlockFi began distributions to customers with allowed claims through its post-bankruptcy wind-down process.
The distribution process occurred in waves and differed by account type, jurisdiction, and completed verification requirements.
The Celsius reorganization plan became effective and distributions to eligible creditors began through approved distribution partners.
Distributions are individualized and continued through later rounds; this is not recorded as completed repayment for every former Nuri interest-account user.
Celsius exited bankruptcy and announced that distributions to creditors would begin, including crypto and other recovery components.
Customer outcome depends on claim type.
The High Court dismissed applications to extend the Zipmex Group moratoria because there was no further prospect of restructuring under the proposed schemes.
The judgment stated that liquidation of constituent companies was likely to be imminent.
Radiant Capital's newly introduced native USDC market on Arbitrum was exploited through a flash-loan/loss-of-precision attack that manipulated the liquidityIndex while reserves were effectively empty. The attacker borrowed approximately 1,900 WETH. Radiant paused lending pools, later resumed unaffected markets, and used DAO/OpEx resources under RFP-27 to recapitalize the resulting communal bad debt.
The approximately USD 4.5 million value is a contemporaneous valuation of roughly 1,900 ETH/WETH and is distinct from the later October 2024 exploit. DAO repayment of communal bad debt is not treated as evidence about outcomes of the October incident.
Customer recovery remained unresolved while the legal and claims process continued.
Placeholder outcome-tracking event.
Ledn continued to publish reserve or transparency-oriented materials as part of its active lender positioning.
Use as active comparator evidence, not a failure event.
Calendar year
YieldNodes states that the account-linked NFT claiming phase ended on 31 December 2023, followed by reissuance work after a reported smart-contract vulnerability.
Claiming or holding an NFT does not establish recovery completion or a verified repurchase value.
XRP Healthcare launched fixed-term XRPH staking inside XRPH Wallet with advertised 20% APR for six-month terms and 25% APR for twelve-month terms.
APR figures are recorded as advertised product terms only and are not treated as verified realized returns.
The Singapore High Court granted Babel Holding Limited leave to convene a meeting of scheme creditors to consider a proposed scheme of arrangement.
Leave to convene a scheme meeting did not itself establish scheme sanction or completed creditor distributions.
The DIA GRAIL/USD feed used by a Silo Arbitrum market incorporated anomalous HTX trading data during a broader exchange incident, causing the reported price to deviate materially from the perceived market value. Three users became insolvent and were liquidated. Silo governance estimated roughly USD 21,000 in losses associated with the liquidations. DIA removed HTX as a source and tightened deviation thresholds after the incident.
This is an oracle-data incident, not evidence of a protocol-wide exploit or insolvency. The approximately USD 21,000 figure is not represented as protocol bad debt.
Zipmex Asia's proposed scheme obtained the required majority but Zipmex Singapore's did not. Because the two schemes were inter-linked and inter-conditional, neither could be implemented.
The failed vote ended the proposed inter-linked restructuring path.
CoinSwitch announced EARN for supported proof-of-stake assets, with blockchain-issued rewards and user unlock rights.
Hodlnaut was ordered into liquidation after judicial-management restructuring failed to restore the platform.
Customer outcome remains liquidation-dependent.
The bankruptcy court confirmed Celsius's plan, setting up distributions to creditors and a transition out of bankruptcy.
Needs direct docket evidence in later pass.
BingX launched a feature allowing subscribed USDT Wealth assets to be used as perpetual-futures margin while continuing to accrue Wealth interest unless liquidation occurs.
This event affects risk and liquidity mechanics for users who opt to use Wealth assets as futures margin; it is not treated as the rename date to Earn.
Following a vulnerability reported through Aave's security process, the Aave Guardian paused Aave V2 Ethereum and froze or paused affected assets across several V3 deployments as a precaution. Governance and service providers introduced fixes and a liquidation grace mechanism, then progressively unpaused affected markets. By 2023-11-16 all Aave V2 and V3 pools were reported operating normally again.
This event records precautionary availability restrictions and restoration. It does not infer a protocol-wide exploit loss or permanent shutdown.
BlockFi announced that it had emerged from bankruptcy and would proceed with wind-down and recovery efforts.
Outcome remains tied to estate recoveries.
The Singapore High Court granted winding-up orders at the 12 October 2023 hearing, effective from 17 October 2023. The court found that the companies were unable to pay their debts, had no available assets to meet current liabilities and required a liquidator to investigate assets, customer records and creditor identities across the AAX Group.
The Grand Court of the Cayman Islands ordered AuBit International into official liquidation and appointed joint official liquidators, ending the viable restructuring path for the company affiliated with Freeway.
The liquidation concerns AuBit International, the company identified by the liquidators as affiliated with the Freeway platform and its Supercharger products.
XBTO and Stablehouse launched an institutional trading product combining execution with custody infrastructure, demonstrating the post-acquisition product transition.
The transition did not represent a platform failure or customer-repayment event.
The SEC's settled order stated that all investor funds from the Linus Interest Accounts had been claimed following the 2022 wind-down.
The exact date of the final customer withdrawal is not stated; this event uses the order date as the date the completed outcome was formally confirmed.
The SEC settled charges that Linus Financial offered and sold the Linus Interest Accounts without registration, while declining to impose a civil penalty because of cooperation and prompt remedial action.
Linus consented to the order without admitting or denying the findings, apart from jurisdiction and subject matter.
Updated custody terms identified Stablehouse as a wholly owned subsidiary of XBTO Global, providing the first dated post-announcement evidence that the acquisition had completed.
The date is the custody-terms update date, not a claimed exact legal closing date. XBTO's corporate timeline confirms full acquisition during 2023.
The Korea Financial Intelligence Unit imposed a three-month business suspension and a fine of approximately KRW 1.896 billion for violations of Korean virtual-asset-business compliance obligations.
The decision was made on 31 August 2023 and publicly reported on 1 September 2023.
A secondary archival/index reproduction of dated Hotbit notices records Hotbit stating on 31 August 2023 that it would conduct a new compensation round for all DF asset users, followed by a 18 September notice describing a final compensation round for DF asset accounts.
This supports a class-scoped partial-repayment event for DF asset holders only. It does not prove that every DF claimant received payment, that compensation restored the full original value, or that other Hotbit investment and exchange balances were fully resolved.
AQRU plc transferred its interest in the AQRU app, Maple Finance activities, and related technology businesses to Langland Software Solutions in exchange for a 30% stake, while stating that customers should not experience service disruption.
Recorded as an ownership and operating restructure, not an acquisition, failure, or customer-repayment event.
AuBit International petitioned the Cayman Islands court for the appointment of restructuring officers while acknowledging financial distress.
The restructuring application was later dismissed after the court found the proposed plan insufficiently developed.
BingX announced that BingX Wealth was officially live with flexible-term and fixed-term yield products.
This is the verified launch date of the Wealth predecessor to the current BingX Earn product family.
XBTO announced a strategic acquisition of Stablehouse, subject to Bermuda Monetary Authority approval, to expand institutional custody and trading services.
The announcement did not provide the eventual legal completion date.
Pillow's announced crypto-withdrawal and service-closure deadline arrived on 31 July 2023.
The deadline is supported by contemporaneous reproductions of Pillow's customer notice.
The Singapore High Court later recorded that Atom Holdings, the Cayman parent within the AAX Group, had been placed under compulsory liquidation in the Cayman Islands as of 2023-07-11, with Quantuma-appointed liquidators. This parent-company liquidation is recorded separately from the later winding up of AAX Asia and AAX Singapore.
Entity-scoped lifecycle event. It does not establish that every AAX group entity entered the same proceeding on this date, and it does not establish a customer recovery percentage or completed distribution.
YieldNodes announced that NFTs representing specific customer accounts were ready for distribution and could be self-custodied or transferred.
NFT issuance is not classified as repayment and no market or repurchase value is inferred.
VALR announced the official launch of crypto staking on 27 June 2023, initially supporting Solana and Avalanche.
First-party VALR launch material explicitly identifies 27 June 2023 as the official staking launch date.
Cake Group announced that the Cake DeFi retail business and mobile applications would adopt the Bake name while the wider group retained separate institutional, research, and venture activities.
The record treats Cake DeFi and Bake as one continuing retail-platform identity, not two separate canonical platforms.
Pillow told users that it would discontinue services because regulatory uncertainty made continued operation difficult and instructed users to withdraw their funds.
Interest accrual stopped immediately; bank and crypto withdrawal windows remained open for limited periods.
The Texas State Securities Board filed an emergency cease-and-desist action involving Abra-related entities and their interest-bearing crypto products.
This was a regulatory action, not a bankruptcy filing or determination of customer loss.
Haru services did not return to normal operations after the withdrawal suspension.
Needs official administrator-source update.
The Harju County Court declared CoinLoan OÜ bankrupt at 10:00 on 14 June 2023 in civil proceeding 2-23-3290.
The official Estonian notice provides the exact declaration date and proceeding number.
Following the bankruptcy declaration, CoinLoan no longer operated as a normal lending and interest-account platform.
The bankruptcy date is used as the effective end of ordinary platform operations.
Abra converted U.S. Abra Earn and Abra Boost accounts into non-interest-bearing Abra Trade accounts, ceased generating yield, and began winding down its U.S. retail operations.
The event ends the historical U.S. yield products, not every Abra corporate or institutional activity.
After converting Earn and Boost balances into Abra Trade accounts, Abra repeatedly notified U.S. customers to withdraw and later used state-settlement procedures to return remaining assets.
Customer-initiated withdrawals and later in-kind or fiat return procedures were used.
Delio halted customer withdrawals at 18:30 Korea time after Haru Invest suspended deposits and withdrawals and stress spread through the local crypto-yield market.
Later statements discussed phased or product-limited resumptions, but normal platform-wide withdrawals were not shown to have been fully restored.
Haru Invest suspended deposits and withdrawals after reporting an issue with a service partner.
Core Haru customer-outcome event.
The SEC charged Coinbase with operating as an unregistered securities exchange, broker, and clearing agency, and also alleged unregistered offer and sale of securities through its staking-as-a-service program.
Core regulatory event for this staking product record.
Voyager began an initial customer recovery process after sale paths failed and the estate moved toward direct distributions.
Recovery percentage and timing should be verified against official estate communications.
Hotbit announced that all CEX operations would cease from 04:00 UTC on 22 May 2023 and asked users to withdraw remaining assets by 04:00 UTC on 21 June.
The withdrawal deadline is not treated as proof that every customer successfully withdrew or that every investment balance was fully repaid.
Flint Labs described Flint Money as its closed first flagship project and outlined its pivot to other products.
The event date is the first-party retrospective publication date, not a verified exact final customer-service cutoff.
Inlock began monthly pro-rata USDC payments under the Scheduled Release program after offering migration and discounted exit-payout alternatives.
Recovery treatment differed by chosen program and was not one uniform repayment path.
CoinLoan reduced customer withdrawal access and an Estonian court prohibited CoinLoan OÜ from disposing of assets without the provisional trustee's consent.
The event combines the customer-facing withdrawal restriction with the same-day official provisional asset restraint.
Hotbit closed subscription to the SPS staking investment product and said the system would automatically redeem remaining positions for users who had not redeemed them themselves.
The support article title says T+8 while the article body says T+28. CYA preserves the product generically as SPS staking investment rather than choosing one inconsistent term label.
The Singapore High Court granted extensions of the moratoria sought by the Babel Finance group entities and permitted the restructuring process to continue in Singapore.
Moratorium protection was procedural creditor protection, not completed restructuring or repayment.
Donut stated that its mobile app would be removed by 31 March 2023 and that user accounts had been moved to a web dashboard for balances, statements and future withdrawals.
The date is the announced app-removal deadline and is used as the platform end date.
Euler V1 was exploited on 2023-03-13 for approximately USD 197 million in assets. Euler later reported that all recoverable funds had been returned following negotiations with the exploiter, and the community published a mechanism for restoring assets to affected users. The incident ended the normal lifecycle of the affected V1 deployment; the project subsequently rebuilt and relaunched under the Euler V2 architecture.
Aggregate fund recovery, user redemption and the later V2 relaunch are related but distinct facts. This event does not equate the V2 system with uninterrupted V1 operation.
The court approved the scheme, enabling creditor asset and equity allocations and the subsequent claims process.
Approval completed the court stage, not all distributions, recoveries or litigation.
Hotbit closed subscriptions for IOTX, REEF, WOO, BOTTO, OOE, EOS and ALICE T+1 DeFi Farm products and scheduled automatic redemption for remaining positions.
The first-party notice says users could check redeemed balances in their investment accounts after the automatic redemption date.
Five entities affiliated with the Babel Finance group filed applications in the Singapore High Court for moratorium protection under section 64 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act 2018.
The applications sought time to formulate a group restructuring through a scheme of arrangement.
Alec and Artin Ohanian filed a federal lawsuit against Stablegains Inc. in the Central District of California alleging that the platform misled customers about its UST and Anchor exposure and asserting securities-related claims.
This records the filing of allegations, not an adjudicated finding, settlement, or customer-recovery result.
Donut announced that it would discontinue the service after the Genesis creditor term sheet became public.
The announcement date is supported by a contemporaneous reproduction of Donut's user communication.
The SEC charged Terraform Labs and Do Kwon, describing among other claims how UST was touted as yield-bearing through Anchor Protocol.
Regulatory source establishing the Anchor yield-marketing context.
The SEC announced that Kraken agreed to cease offering staking-as-a-service to U.S. clients and pay $30 million in disgorgement, interest, and civil penalties.
Core regulatory product-change event.
Kraken ended the relevant U.S. staking-as-a-service program after the settlement, while non-U.S. staking availability and future product designs remained separate questions.
U.S.-specific service end, not full Kraken platform end.
Hotbit closed subscription to the TIME T+1 DeFi Farm investment product and said remaining positions would be automatically redeemed on 3 February for users to view in their investment accounts on 4 February.
Automatic product redemption into the Hotbit investment account is not treated as proof of successful external withdrawal.
Finblox used a recovery approach that included converting affected customer debt into FBX tokens and a buyback programme; contemporaneous reporting documented several customers who received their deposited cash back while others continued to report unresolved losses.
The exact February 2023 start day is not established, so the event date is month-level represented as 2023-02-01. Selective full recoveries do not establish universal repayment, and FBX conversion is not treated as cash repayment at par.
Flint published instructions for users to unlend and withdraw as the flagship yield service was phased out under regulatory uncertainty.
The notice stated that withdrawals could take several days and did not itself prove universal completion.
Nexo agreed to settle U.S. securities-regulator charges related to its Earn Interest Product and to cease offering the product to U.S. investors.
Regulatory event, not a platform-failure event.
The SEC announced that Nexo agreed to stop offering and selling its Earn Interest Product to U.S. investors and pay a $45 million settlement.
Core regulatory product-change event.
Genesis Global Capital and related lending entities entered Chapter 11, moving the underlying Donut counterparty exposure into a court-supervised restructuring process.
Donut itself did not file Chapter 11; this event records the underlying counterparty process affecting Donut users.
Genesis Global Holdco, Genesis Global Capital, and Genesis Asia Pacific filed for Chapter 11 protection in New York.
Main bankruptcy filing.
The SEC charged Gemini and Genesis in connection with the unregistered offer and sale of securities through the Gemini Earn program.
Regulatory action connected to Earn program structure.
A U.S. federal court ordered $17,646,801 in restitution to be distributed to approximately 800 identified BitConnect victims in more than 40 countries through the Glenn Arcaro criminal case.
This is an enforcement-linked victim recovery milestone, not a normal BitConnect repayment program and not evidence that all BitConnect victims recovered or that a platform-wide recovery percentage can be calculated.
Swyftx closed its Earn program, previously called Staking, on 10 January 2023. The company said the decision was made while reviewing changing regulatory requirements for crypto yield products and later stated that assets in Earn wallets were returned to users' trade wallets with earned interest.
The event applies to the Earn/Staking product only. The Swyftx exchange continued operating. The regulatory rationale is the company's stated reason and is not treated as a regulatory enforcement order against the product.
Poloniex opened official subscriptions for its first batch of Polo Earn products at 00:00 UTC on 4 January 2023.
This records the first subscription opening separately from the 28 December 2022 rollout announcement.
Vauld remained in a creditor and restructuring process after proposed transaction paths did not quickly restore normal platform operations.
Placeholder seed event requiring direct creditor update sources.
Inlock issued a Recovery and Restructuring Plan that introduced alternative recovery paths including migration, exit payouts and scheduled releases.
The plan date is stated in Inlock's detailed April 2023 recovery-program guide.
Calendar year
Poloniex announced the rollout of Poloniex Earn as a suite of cryptocurrency investment products, with the first Polo Earn products to follow.
The first official Polo Earn subscriptions opened on 4 January 2023.
Midas described significant losses connected to its DeFi portfolio and broader 2022 market events, setting the context for its closure and balance adjustments.
Loss characterization is based on official closure material and secondary reporting.
Midas Investments announced that it was closing down, ending the platform's ordinary yield operations.
Classified as operations ended rather than bankruptcy filed because no court-supervised bankruptcy filing is modeled here.
Midas described a plan involving balance deductions and a token-based adjustment mechanism as part of its wind-down communication.
Outcome mechanics are summarized cautiously because implementation and individual user results may have varied.
Hong Kong police arrested two men in an AAX-related case, froze bank accounts and reported fraud and misleading-police allegations, complaints and claimed losses. No final criminal conviction or universal customer-loss amount is inferred from the reported police investigation.
The California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation ordered CONST LLC to stop violations connected with its loan-brokering and interest-bearing crypto and fiat products.
The order followed the platform halt and did not itself establish a universal customer recovery outcome.
Nuri ended its business operations after failing to secure an investor or acquirer and instructed ordinary customers to withdraw or transfer their assets.
The shutdown of Nuri's ordinary services did not resolve the separate Celsius-linked interest-account claims.
Voyager later announced a proposed Binance.US transaction, which also did not lead to a completed customer migration.
Needs direct official source review.
ASIC commenced Federal Court proceedings alleging that Finder Wallet provided unlicensed financial services and failed disclosure and design-and-distribution obligations because ASIC considered Finder Earn to be a debenture. These were allegations and were later rejected by the courts.
Nexo announced that it would phase out products and services in the United States, including the Earn Interest Product for U.S. customers.
U.S.-specific product phase-out, not a full global platform shutdown.
Brazil's CVM ordered Bluebenx Tecnologia Financeira S.A. and responsible individuals to suspend public offerings of crypto-linked collective investment contracts, including named BlueBenx products, because they lacked authorization for the offering activity.
The stop order is a regulatory event separate from the earlier platform withdrawal freeze. Investigation-stage references to suspected fraud are not used as final findings here.
BlockFi and affiliated debtors filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection after FTX-related disruption.
Main bankruptcy event.
MyConstant informed customers that it intended to implement an orderly liquidation intended to maximize and accelerate customer recoveries.
This was a company-announced liquidation path rather than a conventional bankruptcy filing recorded by CYA.
After ASIC notified Finder Wallet of concerns, Finder Earn ceased being offered from 24 November 2022. ASIC states that all customer funds were returned in full. This product closure is not classified as insolvency or customer loss.
ASIC sued Web3 Ventures Pty Ltd alleging unlicensed financial services and operation of an unregistered managed investment scheme in relation to Earner and other products.
The proceeding addressed Earner and the separate Access product; this record follows only the Earner findings.
AQRU plc reduced yields to a maximum of 3% on the Maple product and stopped interest accrual on Bitcoin and Ethereum deposits while stating that customer assets remained available for withdrawal.
The update reflected market-driven product contraction, not a withdrawal suspension or platform shutdown.
A large CRV short position on Aave V2 Ethereum was liquidated after CRV price rebounded. The collateral position was fully liquidated, with approximately USD 63 million USDC liquidated and roughly USD 1.7 million of residual CRV-denominated protocol bad debt. The DAO later approved a treasury-funded repayment path that cleared the remaining excess debt.
Liquidation volume and residual protocol bad debt are distinct metrics. Treasury repayment of the reserve deficit is not treated as evidence of a universal customer recovery percentage.
California's DFPI suspended SALT Lending's financing license pending investigation after the customer withdrawal pause.
The action was jurisdiction-specific and tied to the November 2022 platform restrictions.
MyConstant stopped processing deposits and investment requests and paused customer withdrawals while citing deteriorating crypto-market conditions and heavy withdrawals across lending and exchange platforms.
The halt was publicly acknowledged by California regulators and later described in the SEC administrative order.
The platform ceased normal business operations on the same date as the withdrawal halt and remained inactive afterward.
This operational-end classification follows the SEC finding that MyConstant ceased operations in November 2022 and remained inactive.
Gemini paused Earn redemptions after Genesis Global Capital suspended withdrawals following the FTX collapse and broader crypto credit crisis.
Core customer-impact event.
Genesis Global Capital suspended redemptions, and Donut users were unable to access normal account withdrawals through the Genesis-linked yield arrangement.
The Genesis halt date is confirmed; Donut-specific account effects are supported by contemporaneous Donut-related reporting.
Block Earner stopped offering and marketing the fixed-yield Earner product after ASIC raised licensing concerns.
The separate Access product and current Block Earner services are outside this event.
Genesis Global Capital halted withdrawals and new loan originations after the FTX collapse and related market disruption.
Core failure-chain event affecting Gemini Earn.
SALT told customers that the FTX collapse had affected its business and paused client withdrawals while limiting platform activity.
The pause did not become a Chapter 11 or liquidation proceeding.
Liquid Global halted fiat and crypto withdrawals after the Chapter 11 filing involving parent FTX Trading Ltd. Current Liquid support states that deposits, trading and withdrawals remain suspended for an extended period in connection with those proceedings.
The suspension is tied to parent-company Chapter 11 exposure. CYA does not convert that relationship into a finding that Liquid or Quoine independently became insolvent.
Inlock suspended deposits, withdrawals, new loans, onboarding and interest after a failed liquidation process made part of customer assets unavailable.
Inlock described the unavailable portion as small but isolated all customer-asset activity while pursuing recovery.
An OKX first-party Earn guide published on 14 November 2022 described Simple Earn as part of the exchange's Earn product suite, establishing a verified existence date for the service without asserting that date as the exact launch date.
This is a first-verified-existence milestone. CYA does not infer an exact umbrella-service launch date from the publication date.
AAX suspended withdrawals while publicly attributing the restriction to a system upgrade. Later police statements reported by Hong Kong media described liquidity issues, but the operator explanation and police position remain separately attributed rather than treated as established final findings.
Kriptomat paused new KriptoEarn deposits because market vulnerabilities could affect external partners and said existing principal and rewards through 10 November would be transferred to customers' regular Kriptomat wallets.
Kriptomat stated that it had no liquidity issue. Later product pages indicate KriptoEarn became available again, but the exact restart date was not established.
FTX Trading Ltd. and affiliated debtors filed voluntary Chapter 11 petitions on 11 November 2022. FTX's later customer portal treats account balances as of that petition date and explicitly includes amounts earned from staking or participation in the Earn program.
This is the bankruptcy date for the FTX debtor group and the end date used for this product-scoped historical record. CYA does not assume that every FTX-branded Earn variant had the same contracting entity or creditor treatment.
BlockFi paused or limited activity after the collapse of FTX and related uncertainty over exposure.
Failure-chain event linked to FTX exposure.
FUELHASH announced CRYPTOLENDING on 2022-11-02 and stated that the crypto-asset lending service would begin operation on 2022-11-07.
This is a first-party verified service launch date. The launch establishes product history but does not validate later advertised rates, principal-guarantee language, realized returns or solvency.
Freeway stated that a trading strategy had failed and caused substantial losses, providing a more specific explanation for the withdrawal halt.
The statement was reported through industry publications and should remain linked to archived first-party communications where available.
Freeway stopped Supercharger simulation buy-backs and related platform transactions, preventing customers from exiting the high-yield products.
Freeway described the measure as temporary and initially cited volatility in crypto and foreign-exchange markets.
WhiteBIT introduced the WhiteBIT Earn product family and stated that SMART Staking would be called Crypto Lending, while saying the rename would not affect user assets.
The launch_date applies to the named Crypto Lending/WhiteBIT Earn identity; SMART Staking is retained as predecessor history.
YieldNodes says it stopped accepting deposits after an exchange-account freeze and liquidity pressure made continued inflows incompatible with its stated operating model.
The causal explanation is the operator's account and is not treated as independently proven.
YieldNodes halted withdrawals and pending payments; affected users later organized a separate recovery and legal effort concerning frozen principal.
First-party and affected-investor sources agree that withdrawals stopped, but differ on legal characterization and responsibility.
The operator proposed replacing ordinary account liquidity with a restructuring tied to DECENOMY assets and a future economic platform.
The plan is recorded as an operator proposal, not as proof of asset value or successful recovery.
Abra ceased selling new Abra Earn investments around 3 October 2022, while existing balances could remain and continue earning yield; Abra Boost began serving accredited investors.
The Texas consent order provides the approximate date.
Voyager announced an asset purchase agreement with FTX US, which later failed after FTX collapsed.
Important failed restructuring path.
SwissBorg launched SwissBorg Earn, replacing the one-size-fits-all Smart Yield approach with multiple asset- and risk-specific yield strategies.
Product evolution rather than closure or rebrand of the whole SwissBorg platform.
A cETH price-feed upgrade introduced an invalid price path that effectively froze withdrawals and liquidations in the cETH market. Compound V2 markets other than cETH and Compound III remained functional. Proposal 119 reverted the problematic upgrade and restored cETH price feeds on 2022-09-07.
The incident was a temporary market-specific denial of service and is not treated as protocol-wide shutdown or evidence of universal user loss.
Singapore court protection moved Hodlnaut into judicial-management-related proceedings while the platform remained halted.
Date should be refined with primary source.
Stablehouse announced new rates and deposit tiers for stablecoin and other digital-asset yield products.
The announcement documented the continuing retail and professional yield model before the later institutional transition.
Hodlnaut applied for judicial management in Singapore as it sought protection and restructuring space after suspending withdrawals.
Needs official court-source upgrade.
BitMart published an introduction to its Earn hub and fixed Savings products, including fixed terms and stated APYs for supported assets.
This is the earliest reviewed product-specific date, not necessarily the first launch date of every BitMart Earn product.
BlueBenx told customers that BlueBenx Finance operations were being suspended, including withdrawals, redemptions, deposits and transfers. The company attributed the action to an alleged hack, but CYA does not treat that claimed cause as independently established.
The event date follows the customer communication reported by contemporary sources. The alleged hack remains an attributed company claim rather than CYA's failure-cause classification.
Nebeus publicly described multiple crypto Renting and staking options, including fixed-term programs with different assets, lockups, and rewards.
This is the earliest precisely dated reviewed source for the Renting product family, not necessarily the original launch date.
Nuri filed for insolvency in Germany after market stress and the failure of its Celsius partnership worsened its financial position.
Nuri stated that ordinary customer bank and custody assets were not affected in the same way as the Bitcoin Interest Account.
Hodlnaut suspended withdrawals, token swaps, and deposits, citing market conditions and liquidity issues.
Core platform halt event.
The CoinFLEX operating company applied to the Seychelles Supreme Court for a scheme of arrangement to reorganize creditor claims.
The application date appears in later court materials; the 17 August 2022 Seychelles judgment records the proposed haircut, rvUSD, equity and FLEX creditor treatment while preserving that creditor approval and final court approval were still prospective at that stage.
Five Zipmex Group entities applied to the Singapore High Court for moratorium protection under section 64 of the Insolvency, Restructuring and Dissolution Act.
The applications triggered interim protection and began a prolonged court-supervised restructuring attempt.
Zipmex suspended Thai baht and digital-asset withdrawals. ZipUp and ZipUp+ customer assets were affected by exposure to external lending platforms including Celsius Network and Babel Finance.
Some ordinary wallet functions were later partially restored, but ZipUp-related access and recovery remained impaired.
Customers were allowed to withdraw up to ten percent of balances while most assets remained locked and flexUSD was excluded.
Partial access was not completed repayment or normal withdrawal restoration.
Celsius Network and related debtors filed Chapter 11, moving the underlying Nuri Bitcoin Interest Account exposure into the Celsius claims process.
Nuri customers used a product brokered by Nuri but provided contractually by Celsius.
Celsius and affiliated debtors filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the Southern District of New York.
Bankruptcy filing anchors the main restructuring period.
Vauld sought protection and restructuring time after the platform halt.
Needs direct court-source upgrade.
Delio announced a crypto-bank service combining crypto deposit, withdrawal, lending, asset-transaction, and yield-oriented account features after obtaining Korean VASP registration for its business model.
Delio had offered lending and savings products before this launch; this event records the expanded crypto-bank branding rather than the first Delio product.
Vauld announced exploratory acquisition or transaction discussions with Nexo after the platform halt.
Later transaction outcome needs direct source upgrade.
Voyager Digital and affiliates filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection shortly after the platform suspension.
Main bankruptcy event.
Vauld suspended customer withdrawals, trading, and deposits during the 2022 credit crisis.
Core Vauld halt event.
Finblox increased withdrawal limits and restored reward functions for selected assets after its initial 3AC-related restrictions.
The partial restoration did not resolve all counterparty or customer-outcome questions.
Voyager suspended trading, deposits, withdrawals, and loyalty rewards after stress related to exposure to Three Arrows Capital.
Core platform halt event.
Bitget launched Flexible Savings on 24 June 2022 with USDT, DOT and NEAR products, establishing the predecessor product line later represented within Bitget Earn and Simple Earn.
This launch applies to predecessor Flexible Savings, not the exact launch of the later Simple Earn brand.
CoinFLEX halted withdrawals, citing extreme market conditions and uncertainty involving a counterparty.
Normal withdrawal access did not resume on the initial timetable.
SwissBorg reported that Smart Yield had expanded from the original USDC wallet to nineteen additional tokens and had been used through hundreds of thousands of wallets.
Historical scale and product-expansion event; figures are first-party operating metrics.
Babel Finance said it had reached preliminary agreements on repayment periods for some debts and continued discussions with counterparties after the withdrawal halt.
Preliminary agreements did not restore normal withdrawals or complete restructuring.
Babel Finance suspended redemptions and withdrawals across its products while citing unusual liquidity pressures during the 2022 crypto credit crisis.
Core customer-impact event confirmed by contemporaneous reporting.
Finblox imposed a $1,500 monthly withdrawal limit and paused rewards while assessing its exposure to Three Arrows Capital.
This was a severe restriction rather than a complete platform-wide withdrawal shutdown.
After Celsius paused withdrawals, Nuri stated that withdrawals from its Bitcoin Interest Account were unavailable and paused new investments in the product.
Ordinary Nuri banking, custody-wallet and vault products were not the same product and are not classified by this event.
Celsius announced a pause on withdrawals, swaps, and transfers, citing extreme market conditions.
Core failure-chain event.
Matrixport announced an altcoin-collateralized stablecoin loan with fixed interest and no margin calls tied to the initial loan-to-value ratio.
Product terms, supported assets, custody, repayment, and availability can change.
Matrixport's fixed-income API documentation records an initial version for multi-currency fixed-income products and order management.
The API version date documents an operational fixed-income product surface, not necessarily the first retail fixed-income launch.
After UST lost its peg and LUNA collapsed, Anchor's savings product no longer functioned as the advertised stablecoin yield venue that had driven its adoption.
Classified as operations_ended for the yield product rather than a formal legal shutdown of a company.
After TerraUSD and LUNA collapsed, Stablegains could no longer operate the stablecoin-yield product on the basis presented to customers.
This is an operational end classification for the customer-facing yield service, not a finding that Stablegains entered a formal bankruptcy proceeding on this date.
Bitpanda announced Staking with weekly rewards and no general lock-in or warm-up period for the initial supported assets.
This establishes the Bitpanda Staking product from May 2022 but is not treated as the original launch date of the later Bitpanda Earn umbrella.
TerraUSD began losing its intended dollar peg in May 2022, triggering a collapse in the Terra ecosystem and undermining Anchor's core UST-denominated yield product.
Start date is the commonly cited market-break period; exact product impacts unfolded over several days.
TerraUSD began losing its intended dollar peg, directly impairing the UST- and Anchor-linked strategy used by Stablegains.
The broader TerraUSD collapse unfolded over several days; this date marks the start of the decisive depeg period.
AQRU plc reported that the AQRU.io platform had exceeded USD 50 million in assets under management and 20,000 customer signups five months after launch.
Operating-scale milestone rather than a customer-outcome event.
Linus stopped paying interest on remaining account balances and ended the public interest-account product after asking customers to withdraw.
The SEC order states that all investor funds were subsequently claimed.
Linus voluntarily ceased offering new Linus Interest Accounts and instructed existing customers to withdraw their funds by 22 April 2022.
The action followed the SEC's BlockFi settlement and communications with SEC staff.
Block Earner began offering fixed-yield USD Earner, Gold Earner and Crypto Earner products to Australian consumers.
The exact commencement date is recorded in ASIC's amended concise statement and later judgments.
The U.S. Department of Justice announced an indictment alleging that the BitConnect founder orchestrated a global cryptocurrency Ponzi scheme.
Primary criminal enforcement event.
Ndax announced that its first flexible crypto staking program was available starting 15 February 2022, initially supporting ETH, DOT and ADA.
First-party Ndax launch material explicitly says staking was starting that day and describes it as the company's first flexible crypto staking program.
BlockFi agreed to a settlement with the SEC and state regulators related to its interest account product.
Important terms and regulatory risk event.
SBI VC Trade announced the start of its 貸コイン crypto-asset lending service on 2022-01-26 on the new VCTRADE service.
First-party launch authority. The launch date does not validate later campaign rates or repayment performance.
Calendar year
KuCoin upgraded the Pool-X product identity to KuCoin Earn on 22 December 2021, including the Pool-X Earn, Staking, Pool-X Account and Flexible Terms naming and account changes described in its first-party announcement.
This records the verified KuCoin Earn brand transition, not the initial launch of all predecessor Pool-X yield services.
Tokyo Hash announced that applications for its crypto-asset lending service would begin on 2021-12-15. The service was described as a consumption-loan arrangement with return of the same type/equivalent quantity plus contractual lending fees after the lending period.
First-party launch authority. Current branding is HashKey Japan; this event preserves the launch-era Tokyo Hash name without inventing a later rebrand/legal-transition date.
AQRU launched its consumer-facing crypto-yield platform around December 2021.
A May 2022 first-party market announcement states that the platform launched five months earlier; 1 December is a sortable approximate date.
BitMEX announced EARN as a fixed-term interest-bearing USDT product on 2021-11-30.
First-party launch authority. Current operational status remains unresolved in the 2026-08-22 review pass.
Stablehouse opened early access to a digital-asset platform offering fixed interest on supported crypto assets.
Stablehouse was incubated within the wider XBTO group before later acquisition.
C.R.E.A.M. Finance reported that its Ethereum V1 markets were exploited on 2021-10-27, allowing an attacker to remove approximately USD 130 million of assets. The protocol suspended interactions with the affected Ethereum V1 markets and locked their crTokens. C.R.E.A.M. stated that other V1 markets and Iron Bank were not affected by this specific exploit and later announced a CREAM-token compensation mechanism for impacted users.
The USD 130 million figure is the reported value removed from the affected Ethereum V1 markets, not a universal final customer-loss or recovery figure. The event is bounded to the affected deployment.
Flint launched a consumer crypto yield application offering fixed returns on stablecoin and other digital-asset balances.
Launch date is recorded at month-level.
A bug introduced through Compound governance Proposal 62 caused incorrect COMP reward accounting and enabled certain users to claim excessive COMP. Compound governance subsequently prepared and executed patches, including Proposal 64, and temporarily restricted COMP claims for potentially affected users while correcting accrual state.
Community analysis later described roughly USD 50 million worth of COMP as lost through the exploit. This is treasury/reward-token loss and is not modeled as a universal customer-principal loss figure.
The SEC announced charges alleging a large fraudulent and unregistered digital-asset offering tied to the BitConnect lending program.
Primary U.S. civil enforcement event.
Coinchange's historical High Yield Account agreement defined an asset-management arrangement for customer yield accounts and the applicable platform terms.
Historical account terms are not automatically applied to every current API, vault, business, or non-custodial product.
AscendEX announced USDT and USDC staking with daily rewards, regular and instant unbinding, and support for using the staked assets as margin collateral.
This establishes reviewed centralized staking operation by August 2021 but is not treated as the original umbrella AscendEX Earn launch date.
Bitstamp announced that Ethereum staking was live for eligible customers under Bitstamp Earn after a gradual early-access rollout begun in April 2021.
The 13 July 2021 first-party announcement is treated as the reviewed full public launch. Bitstamp's 22 April 2021 first-party article documents an earlier gradual rollout and early-access phase rather than a separate canonical platform identity.
Wirex announced additional crypto-assets on its platform and described continued expansion of X-Accounts shortly after the product launch.
Early product-expansion milestone; historical availability does not establish the current asset list.
Matrixport introduced a simplified app interface that included fixed-income products and yield access for USDC, USDT, BTC, and ETH.
Historical advertised rates are launch context only and are not treated as current or guaranteed.
Coinchange states that it brought its proprietary automated digital-asset yield platform to market in Q3 2021 after two years of development.
1 July represents the start of Q3 because an exact launch day was not identified.
CoinRabbit announced a newly launched crypto savings account backed by its crypto-loan business, with daily account updates and flexible withdrawal conditions.
Historical rates and supported assets are recorded as launch context, not current guaranteed terms.
Wirex announced the launch of X-Accounts as an app-based product for earning interest through crypto and DeFi-linked allocations.
Product launch event for X-Accounts, not the launch of the broader Wirex platform.
Following extreme XVS price movement and insolvent liquidations, Venus Protocol later reported a shortfall across two major accounts of 2,008 BTC and nearly 6,000 ETH. The protocol developed a bailout mechanism using treasury-distributed XVS and other reserve resources to repay the shortfall over time.
The BTC and ETH figures are protocol shortfall quantities reported by Venus, not a universal customer-loss amount. CYA does not mark the recovery complete without first-party evidence establishing completion.
Nuri, formerly Bitwala, launched a Bitcoin interest product brokered through its app and provided by Celsius Network.
Launch date is recorded at month-level.
Celsius announced that Liquid customers could access its compounding-yield model through Liquid, with weekly payouts, no lock-in, no minimum balance and asset transfers or withdrawals described in the launch material.
The announcement establishes the launch and customer-facing product model. It does not establish one universal downstream custody, title or creditor structure for all Liquid Earn balances.
Cred's confirmed liquidation plan became effective and the liquidation trust process proceeded under the plan.
Plan effectiveness is an administrative milestone, not a universal recovery-completion date.
CEX.IO stated that Savings entered open beta as a full-fledged service under the CEX.IO Earn umbrella, initially with Flexible Savings and staking-related and stablecoin assets.
This establishes Savings under the Earn umbrella by April 2021 but is not treated as proof of the umbrella's original launch date.
Anchor Protocol launched as a Terra-based savings and lending protocol centered on UST deposits and yield generation.
Launch date is based on public ecosystem documentation and should be refined if an official launch announcement is archived.
Anchor became known for UST deposits marketed around high stablecoin yields, later referenced by the SEC as paying as much as 20 percent interest.
Core yield-product characterization event.
The bankruptcy court confirmed Cred's modified first amended combined plan of liquidation and disclosure statement.
Plan confirmation did not establish completed creditor repayment.
Yield App opened public registrations and launched its digital asset wealth platform after an early-access period.
Launch date is supported by Yield App's own public-launch announcement.
Gemini launched Earn as an exchange-linked crypto yield program connected to lending arrangements with Genesis Global Capital.
Launch month is based on public program history.
HTX published the Simple Earn Agreement governing purchases and redemptions of HTX Earn products, including flexible and fixed-term products.
This is a documented agreement-publication milestone, not an asserted original product launch date.
Phemex's December 2020 launch announcement stated that Flexible Savings and Fixed Savings would begin on 18 January 2021 as part of its Earn Crypto program.
The announcement was published on 28 December 2020; the recorded event date is the stated service start date.
Stablegains offered a centralized stablecoin-yield product that accepted customer deposits and generated returns through TerraUSD and Anchor-related exposure.
The exact launch date remains approximate and should be replaced by a stronger archived first-party launch source.
Finblox launched as a custodial crypto yield and rewards platform.
Launch date is recorded at year-level.
Pillow began offering a custodial crypto savings and yield application.
Launch date is approximate and recorded at year-level.
Calendar year
SwissBorg released its first USDC Smart Yield wallet to an initial user cohort and began rolling the product out through the app.
Launch date is directly stated in the first-party announcement.
An unexpected increase in the DAI price on Coinbase Pro triggered large liquidations in Compound's DAI market. Later Compound governance discussion quantified approximately 85.2 million DAI of liquidations and considered, but did not automatically establish, compensation for affected accounts.
The 85.2 million DAI figure is a liquidation volume cited in Compound governance discussion, not a universal final loss, protocol bad-debt figure, or realized compensation amount.
BITPOINT announced the launch of its crypto-asset lending service 貸して増やす on 2020-11-26, allowing customers to lend crypto assets to BITPOINT and receive contractual lending fees under the published offering terms.
First-party launch authority. The launch campaign rate is an issuer product term and is not treated as independently verified realized return.
CoinFLEX launched flexUSD, which deployed underlying USDC into the exchange repo market and distributed interest to holders.
Date follows the public launch announcement.
Cred Inc. and related entities filed Chapter 11 proceedings in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware.
The filing moved customer balances into a court-supervised liquidation process.
Cred paused customer fund inflows and outflows while investigating financial irregularities and loss of funds.
Contemporaneous reporting described both inflows and outflows as suspended.
Cake DeFi described a product suite spanning staking, institutional-partner lending, and DeFiChain liquidity mining for customer yield generation.
Historical product descriptions and advertised rates are not treated as current or guaranteed.
LVC Corporation announced the start of BITMAX's crypto-asset lending service on 2020-10-07, with users lending crypto assets to BITMAX and receiving lending fees.
Issuer-distributed launch authority. Published campaign rates are product terms, not verified realized returns.
eToro launched its dedicated staking service with Cardano and TRON, offering monthly staking rewards while eToro handled the staking process on users' behalf.
The exact launch date is supported by eToro's first-party 1 October 2020 announcement. Statements that staked assets remain user property are retained as product language, not converted into a principal, segregation or insolvency guarantee.
The SEC entered a settled order concerning SALT Blockchain's unregistered digital-asset token offering.
This event concerns the SALT token offering, not a borrower insolvency or collateral-loss finding.
Inlock launched a custodial crypto Savings Account with weekly interest payments.
The product launch date is documented by Inlock's first-party announcement and FAQ.
Abra began offering its retail crypto interest product, Abra Earn, to U.S. investors around July 2020, promising variable interest on customer crypto assets.
The SEC identifies July 2020 but not an exact day; 1 July is used as a sortable approximate date.
Bitbond said it had shifted its focus to tokenized securities, returned its asset-broker licence, stopped originating new loans, and would continue administering the existing SME loan portfolio.
The operating company continued as a tokenization provider; this event ends only the product-scoped historical lending-marketplace record.
YouHodler announced weekly payouts for its high-yield savings accounts, replacing the prior monthly schedule.
Payout-frequency change rather than a platform status change.
Linus Financial began offering interest-bearing accounts to U.S. investors, accepting dollars and converting them into USDC for pooled deployment through DeFi liquidity pools and institutional lending.
The SEC order identifies 19 March 2020 as the approximate start date.
Freeway offered Supercharger products linked to crypto and fiat assets and advertised annual rewards reaching as high as 43 percent.
The year is approximate and should be replaced by an archived first-party launch date when available.
CoinRabbit began operating as a crypto-backed lending platform in 2020.
The exact launch day was not identified; 1 January is a sortable approximate date based on current first-party company and product pages.
Calendar year
YouHodler expanded its savings-account product to Bitcoin deposits with platform-calculated interest.
Product expansion within the continuing lending and wallet platform.
YouHodler introduced a USDT savings account that credited platform users with interest on deposited USDT.
First dated savings-product launch identified in the reviewed YouHodler sources.
MyConstant began offering an online loan-matching service in which customer funds were pooled and managed through the platform, alongside later crypto and fiat interest-account products.
The SEC describes the service as starting in or around May 2019; the first day of the month is used as an approximate sortable date.
Bitbond Finance introduced the BB1 token, with a stated plan to use a substantial portion of proceeds to finance SME loans originated through Bitbond's global lending platform.
BB1 token rights, issuer obligations, and marketplace lender or borrower claims are separate and are not treated as interchangeable.
CoinfloorEX was spun out from Coinfloor Group and relaunched as CoinFLEX, a physically delivered crypto futures exchange.
The source identifies February 2019 but not an exact day; 1 February is a sortable approximation.
Haru Invest operated as a crypto deposit and yield service with multiple yield products.
Launch date approximate.
Kraken developed exchange-linked staking services that allowed customers to earn rewards through a managed staking program.
Launch year is approximate and should be refined with archived product pages.
Coinbase offered staking services that allowed customers to earn rewards from supported proof-of-stake assets through an exchange-linked service.
Start year follows the SEC allegation that the staking-as-a-service program operated since at least 2019.
Donut began offering a consumer crypto savings and yield application.
Launch date is approximate and recorded at year-level.
Matrixport was founded in 2019 as a digital-asset financial-services platform combining investment, lending, trading, custody, and related services.
The exact launch day was not identified; 1 January is a sortable approximate date based on current first-party company materials.
YieldNodes states that it established its managed masternode-rental and staking operation around 2019.
The exact launch day was not identified; 1 January is a sortable approximate date based on a later first-party status statement.
Cake DeFi was founded in 2019 to provide retail access to crypto yield and decentralized-finance services.
The exact launch day was not identified; 1 January is a sortable approximate date.
BlockFi's interest account product became one of the most visible centralized crypto yield offerings.
Product history should be expanded later.
Hodlnaut operated as a Singapore-based crypto lending and interest account platform.
Launch date approximate.
Calendar year
Delio was established as a South Korean digital-asset financial-services company and later developed centralized savings, lending, staking, and asset-management products.
The month is supported by company-profile material; the first day is an approximate sortable date rather than a verified incorporation day.
BitConnect announced the closure of its lending and exchange services after regulatory pressure and market disruption.
Core platform shutdown event.
Vauld developed as a crypto lending and yield platform serving retail users with deposit and lending products.
Launch date is approximate.
Babel Finance developed as a Hong Kong-based crypto lender serving institutional and high-net-worth clients.
Launch year is approximate.
Nexo developed as a crypto lending and interest-account platform offering borrowing and yield-like products.
Launch year is approximate.
Ledn developed as a bitcoin-backed lending and savings-oriented crypto platform.
Launch year is approximate.
BlockFills developed as an institutional digital asset trading, liquidity, and financing platform.
Launch year is approximate.
Crypto.com developed an exchange-linked Earn product offering reward arrangements for supported crypto assets.
Launch year is approximate and should be refined with archived product announcements.
Nexo operated a crypto interest product that allowed customers to earn yield on supported digital assets.
Launch year is approximate and should be refined with archived first-party product pages.
Midas Investments operated as a centralized crypto yield platform offering returns through managed strategies and DeFi exposure.
Launch date is approximate and should be refined if stronger first-party launch evidence is found.
Zipmex developed as a regional cryptocurrency exchange serving Southeast Asian and Australian markets and later offered ZipUp yield products.
The launch year is approximate.
Cred developed crypto-backed borrowing and cryptocurrency yield products for customers.
Launch year is approximate.
Voyager developed as a crypto brokerage and yield-linked platform offering trading and rewards-related services.
Launch date approximate.
Calendar year
BTCJam stopped new lending and announced a wind-down while allowing existing repayments and balance withdrawals during the closure period.
Voluntary shutdown rather than insolvency classification.
CoinLoan developed as a custodial crypto lending and interest-account platform.
The launch year remains approximate.
BitConnect promoted a lending program that promised high returns through a purported trading system.
The exact public launch date should be refined with archived first-party material.
Celsius began operating as a crypto lending and interest account platform during the early growth period for centralized crypto yield services.
Launch date is approximate and should be verified against primary company history sources.
BlockFi began operating as a crypto lender and later became known for interest accounts and lending products.
Launch date is approximate.
Calendar year
The operator stopped new registrations, loans, and investments and announced a staged closure while existing borrowers continued repayment and customers retained withdrawal access.
The operator expected the wind-down to continue into 2017, but the exact final shutdown and dissolution dates were not verified.
Attackers exploited the platform's web stack and gained access to customer accounts, causing confirmed Bitcoin losses among users without two-factor authentication.
Reported loss estimates varied. The incident is not treated as the direct cause of the later regulatory shutdown.
SALT developed a platform for loans secured by customer cryptocurrency collateral.
Launch date is recorded at year-level.
Calendar year
The marketplace changed its public name from BitLendingClub to Loanbase before later returning to the BitLendingClub brand.
September 2015 is supported by contemporaneous retrospective coverage; the exact day and later return date were not established.
Calendar year
BTCJam described expansion toward borrowers and lenders in emerging markets through its bitcoin-based marketplace.
Historical operating-context event.
BitLendingClub began operating a centrally administered peer-to-peer marketplace matching Bitcoin lenders and borrowers in May 2014.
The reviewed reporting identifies May 2014 but not an exact launch day; 1 May is a sortable approximate date.
Abra developed as a digital-asset app and investment platform offering trading, account, and later yield products.
The launch year is approximate; the first day is a sortable placeholder.
Nebeus was founded in 2014 and developed from a crypto-lending platform into a broader financial app.
The exact launch day was not identified; 1 January is a sortable approximate date.
Calendar year
Bitbond was founded in Berlin in 2013 and began operating a regulated blockchain-based marketplace for small-business loans and global investors.
The first-party company history provides the year but not the exact launch day; 1 January is a sortable approximate date.
Genesis developed into a major institutional crypto trading and lending business, later operating a large lending arm tied to Gemini Earn and other counterparties.
Launch date is approximate and should be refined with company-history sources.
Calendar year
Bitfinex's own anniversary retrospective states that the platform was born on 6 November 2012 and initially launched as a peer-to-peer margin-lending platform for Bitcoin.
This is the verified origin of the P2P margin-lending service lineage. It does not assert when the later Margin Funding label was first used.
BTCJam developed as an early bitcoin-denominated peer-to-peer lending marketplace.
Launch year is approximate.
No timeline events match the current filters.