{ "schema_version": "1.2.0", "data_schema_version": "cya_registry_public_data_v2", "project_id": "crypto-yield-archive", "dataset": "product_profiles", "canonical_origin": "https://cya.badjoke-lab.com", "canonical_only": true, "generated_at": "2026-08-31T16:44:22.893Z", "build": { "commit": "1556a9022d96de62d086007ed7346d1eeaaf89d2", "branch": "main", "generated_at": "2026-08-31T16:44:22.893Z", "verification_marker": "cya_machine_readable_layer_v2" }, "record_count": 171, "records": [ { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000009", "product_type": "institutional_lending", "product_name": "Babel institutional lending", "custody_model": "institutional_counterparty_lending", "yield_source": "centralized lending and credit activity", "risk_notes": "Institutional balances became part of a group restructuring after the June 2022 withdrawal halt. Counterparty, liquidity and entity-allocation risks were central to creditor treatment." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000009", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Babel asset-management and prime-finance services", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_and_managed_account_exposure", "yield_source": "platform-managed lending, asset-management, brokerage and prime-finance activity", "risk_notes": "The Singapore scheme process addressed liabilities across affiliated entities. Product and entity placement could affect claim classification, and no universal final recovery rate is established." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000010", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Nexo Earn Interest Product", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "platform-managed lending and yield activity", "risk_notes": "U.S. regulatory action centered on the Earn Interest Product; jurisdictional availability changed over time." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000010", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Nexo crypto-backed loans", "custody_model": "custodial_collateral", "yield_source": "secured crypto lending", "risk_notes": "Tracked as active platform comparator rather than a failure outcome." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000011", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Ledn bitcoin-backed loans", "custody_model": "custodial_collateral", "yield_source": "secured bitcoin lending", "risk_notes": "Active comparator product; status and availability may vary by jurisdiction." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000011", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Ledn savings or yield products", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "platform-managed savings or lending activity", "risk_notes": "Product terms and availability should be checked periodically." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000012", "product_type": "institutional_lending", "product_name": "BlockFills institutional financing", "custody_model": "institutional_counterparty_lending", "yield_source": "institutional lending and liquidity services", "risk_notes": "Client deposits and withdrawals were reportedly paused during a recent market stress event." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000012", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "BlockFills liquidity and lending services", "custody_model": "institutional_account", "yield_source": "trading, financing, and liquidity services", "risk_notes": "Outcome is developing and requires follow-up source review." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000013", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Abra Earn", "custody_model": "Third-party custodian account with customer crypto lent and pooled under Abra's direction", "yield_source": "Direct institutional lending, DeFi lending, and other Abra-selected revenue-generating strategies", "risk_notes": "Abra's historical terms permitted lending, sale, pledge, rehypothecation, investment, use, and commingling of crypto assets. Rates were variable and Abra controlled deployment and risk management." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000013", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Abra Boost", "custody_model": "Accredited-investor digital-asset interest account funded through Abra Trade and deployed by Abra", "yield_source": "Direct institutional lending and DeFi lending", "risk_notes": "Abra Boost replaced new U.S. retail Earn sales for accredited investors around October 2022 and stopped generating yield when accounts were converted to Abra Trade on 14 June 2023." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000014", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Gemini Earn", "custody_model": "exchange_linked_lending_program", "yield_source": "customer assets lent to Genesis Global Capital through Earn arrangements", "risk_notes": "Earn customer outcome depended on Genesis lending exposure, Genesis bankruptcy, regulatory settlements, and Gemini customer distribution process." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000015", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Kraken Staking Program", "custody_model": "exchange_linked_staking_service", "yield_source": "staking rewards through exchange-managed staking service", "risk_notes": "U.S. staking-as-a-service availability was affected by the 2023 SEC settlement and later redesigned product availability." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000016", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Coinbase Staking", "custody_model": "exchange_linked_staking_service", "yield_source": "staking rewards on supported proof-of-stake assets through Coinbase staking services", "risk_notes": "Regulatory status and product availability changed over time; this record is not a Coinbase exchange insolvency case." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000017", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "BitConnect Lending Program", "custody_model": "platform_custodied_deposit_program", "yield_source": "purported proprietary trading bot and volatility software", "risk_notes": "Promised high returns and later became a major fraud and enforcement case." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000018", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "BTCJam P2P Bitcoin Loans", "custody_model": "peer_to_peer_marketplace_with_platform_accounting", "yield_source": "borrower interest payments on bitcoin-denominated loans", "risk_notes": "Peer-to-peer credit risk, borrower default risk, and wind-down uncertainty rather than platform bankruptcy classification." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000019", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Crypto.com Earn", "custody_model": "exchange_linked_yield_product", "yield_source": "product-dependent rewards on supported crypto assets", "risk_notes": "Reward rates, eligible assets, limits, terms, and jurisdictional access can change over time." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000020", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Nexo Earn Interest Product", "custody_model": "platform_custodied_interest_account", "yield_source": "product-dependent interest paid on supported crypto assets", "risk_notes": "U.S. availability was affected by the 2022 phase-out and 2023 SEC settlement; this is a product-specific regulatory record rather than a full Nexo platform shutdown." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000021", "product_type": "defi_yield_aggregator", "product_name": "Anchor UST deposit yield product", "custody_model": "non-custodial Terra smart-contract protocol exposure", "yield_source": "UST lending and protocol subsidy model within the Terra ecosystem", "risk_notes": "The product depended on UST maintaining its intended dollar peg and on Terra ecosystem incentives. The May 2022 UST/LUNA collapse made the advertised stablecoin-yield premise fail." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000022", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Midas yield accounts and managed strategies", "custody_model": "platform-managed centralized yield account with CeDeFi strategy exposure", "yield_source": "managed crypto yield strategies including DeFi portfolio exposure", "risk_notes": "The product exposed users to platform strategy risk, market-contagion risk, DeFi portfolio losses, and wind-down balance-adjustment risk rather than a simple fully collateralized savings account." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000023", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Freeway Superchargers", "custody_model": "platform-controlled centralized product represented through Supercharger simulations", "yield_source": "platform-managed foreign-exchange, crypto, and trading strategies", "risk_notes": "Customers depended on Freeway or affiliated entities buying back Supercharger simulations. The structure exposed users to platform control, strategy loss, liquidity, corporate-structure, withdrawal-halt, and liquidation risks." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000024", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Yield App digital wealth and Earn products", "custody_model": "platform-managed centralized digital asset account", "yield_source": "platform-managed digital asset strategies, third-party fund managers, and structured yield products", "risk_notes": "Customers were exposed to platform custody, external manager, exchange counterparty, strategy, liquidity, litigation, and insolvency risks. The liquidation record indicates that third-party manager exposure to FTX became material to the platform outcome." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000025", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Stablegains stablecoin yield account", "custody_model": "platform-managed centralized stablecoin account", "yield_source": "customer stablecoin deposits deployed into TerraUSD and Anchor-related yield strategy", "risk_notes": "Customers were exposed to platform custody, conversion, stablecoin depeg, protocol dependency, liquidity, disclosure, and legal-recovery risks. The TerraUSD collapse destroyed the economic basis of the product." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000026", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "MyConstant Loan Matching Service", "custody_model": "platform-administered pooled fiat lending service", "yield_source": "interest represented as arising from short-term loans backed by crypto collateral", "risk_notes": "Customers relied on the platform to pool funds, manage lending activity, handle collateral, collect repayments, and distribute returns." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000026", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "MyConstant Crypto-Lending Platform account", "custody_model": "platform-managed pooled crypto interest account", "yield_source": "platform deployment of deposited crypto assets and stablecoins", "risk_notes": "The account involved platform custody, pooling, liquidity, stablecoin, disclosure, and recovery risks." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000026", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "MyConstant Instant Access account", "custody_model": "platform-managed fiat interest account", "yield_source": "platform use of deposited fiat funds", "risk_notes": "The account depended on the platform's solvency, asset management, disclosures, and ability to honor withdrawals." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000027", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Delio crypto savings and deposit products", "custody_model": "platform-managed centralized crypto deposit account", "yield_source": "platform lending, asset deployment, and centralized yield strategies", "risk_notes": "Customers faced platform custody, liquidity, counterparty, concentration, disclosure, regulatory, and bankruptcy risks. Product availability and rates varied over time." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000027", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Delio crypto-backed lending", "custody_model": "platform-administered collateralized lending service", "yield_source": "interest and fees from crypto-backed loans and related platform activity", "risk_notes": "Borrowers and depositors depended on Delio's collateral management, liquidity, counterparty controls, and continued operations." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000027", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Delio staking products", "custody_model": "platform-managed staking and reward service", "yield_source": "staking-related rewards and platform-managed asset deployment", "risk_notes": "Customers faced platform custody, validator or protocol exposure, lockup, liquidity, product-specific withdrawal, and bankruptcy risks." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000028", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Linus Interest Accounts", "custody_model": "platform-controlled pooled fiat-to-USDC interest account", "yield_source": "USDC deployed into DeFi liquidity pools and direct loans to third-party institutional borrowers", "risk_notes": "Customers depended on Linus for custody, conversion, pooling, borrower selection, DeFi deployment, risk management, liquidity, and repayment. Interest rates were set at Linus's discretion and historically ranged from approximately 3.50% to 4.50% APY according to the SEC order." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000029", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "flexUSD", "custody_model": "Tokenized stablecoin backed by USDC deployed through CoinFLEX-managed repo-market lending", "yield_source": "Interest generated by lending underlying stablecoin liquidity through the CoinFLEX repo market", "risk_notes": "Holders were exposed to CoinFLEX exchange, repo-market, counterparty, liquidity and restructuring risks despite the tokenized stablecoin format." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000029", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "CoinFLEX repo market and one-click lending", "custody_model": "Centralized exchange-managed lending and repo positions", "yield_source": "Borrower interest and repo-market financing activity", "risk_notes": "Customer outcomes depended on exchange custody, margin-account performance, counterparty collection and the later court restructuring." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000030", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "ZipUp and ZipUp+", "custody_model": "custodial platform account with external counterparty deployment", "yield_source": "Customer assets were placed with external cryptocurrency lending platforms including Celsius Network and Babel Finance.", "risk_notes": "Customers were exposed to both Zipmex group entities and external lending counterparties. ZipUp-related balances did not necessarily receive the same access or treatment as ordinary exchange wallets." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000031", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "CredEarn", "custody_model": "custodial cryptocurrency account", "yield_source": "Customer assets were deployed through lending and hedging arrangements.", "risk_notes": "Customers were exposed to Cred, its counterparties and the later liquidation process." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000032", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "SALT loans", "custody_model": "custodial crypto collateral", "yield_source": "loan interest and fees", "risk_notes": "Terms vary by loan and jurisdiction." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000033", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Donut yield accounts (Grow, Build and Save)", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account_linked_to_third_party_lending", "yield_source": "platform-managed lending arrangements including Genesis exposure", "risk_notes": "Donut users depended on the platform and its lending counterparties. The Genesis redemption halt prevented normal access and moved account outcomes into an underlying restructuring process." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000034", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Finblox Earn and Crypto Vault", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "opted-in customer assets could be lent to borrowers to generate yield", "risk_notes": "Finblox imposed severe withdrawal limits and paused rewards while assessing 3AC exposure. Product-level and final customer outcomes remain unresolved." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000035", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Pillow crypto savings Cases", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_wallet", "yield_source": "platform-managed deployment of deposited Bitcoin, Ether and stablecoins; full underlying allocation was not established in the reviewed sources", "risk_notes": "Users deposited crypto to Pillow-controlled addresses and depended on Pillow for interest accrual and withdrawals. The platform later stopped interest and imposed final withdrawal deadlines during an orderly shutdown." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000036", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Nuri Bitcoin Interest Account", "custody_model": "third_party_cefi_interest_account_brokered_by_nuri", "yield_source": "Celsius Network Bitcoin lending and Earn program", "risk_notes": "The product was separately contracted with Celsius and brokered through Nuri. Celsius controlled the underlying Earn assets, and the June 2022 freeze moved users into the Celsius bankruptcy and distribution process." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000037", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Block Earner Earner (USD Earner, Gold Earner and Crypto Earner)", "custody_model": "custodial_unsecured_loan_to_platform", "yield_source": "Block Earner's discretionary use and lending of customer cryptocurrency to third parties while paying a fixed return", "risk_notes": "Customers transferred rights and title to cryptocurrency to Block Earner and became exposed to the platform's use of those assets. The product was later found to require an Australian financial services licence." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000038", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Flint Money fixed-yield crypto products", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "Deployment through institutional borrowers and DeFi protocols selected by Flint", "risk_notes": "Users depended on Flint to lend, unlend and return deposited assets. The service was phased out under regulatory uncertainty and customers were instructed to withdraw." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000039", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Inlock Savings Account", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "platform-managed lending and collateralized crypto-credit activities", "risk_notes": "Customers depended on Inlock's custody, liquidation and counterparty controls. A failed liquidation process made part of customer assets unavailable and led to a multi-path recovery process." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000040", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Stablehouse digital-asset interest products", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "platform-managed digital-asset activities powered by the wider XBTO group; complete historical allocation was not disclosed in the reviewed launch materials", "risk_notes": "Historical yield products preceded Stablehouse's acquisition and transition toward institutional custody and trading. Current XBTO custody terms should not be applied retroactively to the old yield products." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000041", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "AQRU Auto, Flex and Maple crypto yield products", "custody_model": "custodial platform account", "yield_source": "Product-dependent platform allocations including overcollateralized Flex strategies and uncollateralized Maple lending products described in AQRU materials", "risk_notes": "Historical rates and availability changed materially. Bitcoin and Ethereum interest ended in November 2022, several products are closed to new deposits, and uncollateralized Maple exposure differs from Flex and current receivables products." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000041", "product_type": "structured_yield", "product_name": "AQRU Real-World Receivables", "custody_model": "custodial platform account", "yield_source": "Fixed-term returns described as secured by underlying real-world receivables", "risk_notes": "The current page displays a fixed 45-day term and a stated rate, but the reviewed public material does not establish complete obligor, security, default, liquidity, or insolvency treatment for every customer position." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000042", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "YouHodler Yield Account", "custody_model": "segregated custodial platform account with disclosed third-party service providers", "yield_source": "Platform-provided rewards on supported crypto assets; complete current allocation and counterparty mechanics were not disclosed in the reviewed public product pages", "risk_notes": "Reward rates, supported assets, limits, settlement, legal entity, jurisdictional availability, and custody arrangements can change. Segregation language does not eliminate market, operational, counterparty, or legal risk." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000042", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "YouHodler crypto-backed loans", "custody_model": "custodial crypto collateral", "yield_source": "Loan interest, fees, collateral-management charges, and related platform financial services", "risk_notes": "Loan terms vary by asset, loan-to-value level, jurisdiction, duration, collateral maintenance, and liquidation conditions. The lending product must not be conflated with Yield Account ownership or reward mechanics." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000043", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "X-Account Flexible", "custody_model": "platform-owned custodial account", "yield_source": "Wirex-managed use, holding, investment, or other deployment of transferred crypto-assets under the X-Account terms", "risk_notes": "Variable rates may change with market, business, legal, or regulatory conditions. Flexible accounts permit withdrawal through the platform, but access can be affected by account, asset, platform, or compliance restrictions." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000043", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "X-Account Plus", "custody_model": "platform-owned custodial account", "yield_source": "Wirex-managed use, holding, investment, or other deployment of transferred crypto-assets under the X-Account terms", "risk_notes": "Plus accounts trade higher fixed rates for restricted liquidity and require a redemption-notice period. Current terms and in-app conditions control the exact tenure, assets, rate, and withdrawal process." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000043", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Fixed X-Account", "custody_model": "platform-owned custodial account", "yield_source": "Wirex-managed use, holding, investment, or other deployment of transferred crypto-assets under the X-Account terms", "risk_notes": "Assets cannot be withdrawn during the selected fixed term and the account converts to Flexible after maturity. Fixed rates, supported assets, terms, and reward denomination vary." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000044", "product_type": "defi_yield_aggregator", "product_name": "SwissBorg Smart Yield", "custody_model": "app-based custodial strategy wallet", "yield_source": "SwissBorg-selected DeFi, CeFi, lending, market-making, staking, and liquidity strategies used by the historical Smart Yield optimiser", "risk_notes": "Historical Smart Yield was a one-size-fits-all product with changing allocations, rates, liquidity, and protocol exposure. It evolved into the multi-strategy SwissBorg Earn model rather than ending as a platform failure." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000044", "product_type": "defi_yield_aggregator", "product_name": "SwissBorg Earn strategies", "custody_model": "app-based custodial access to strategy-specific yield positions", "yield_source": "Strategy-dependent DeFi lending, liquidity provision, staking, restaking, protocol rewards, and other disclosed opportunities", "risk_notes": "Each strategy has its own protocols, risk score, APY, cap, cooldown, payout, redemption timing, fees, and smart-contract or counterparty exposure. No single ownership or liquidity interpretation applies to every strategy." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000045", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "CoinRabbit Earn Interest Product", "custody_model": "platform-owned custodial deposit", "yield_source": "CoinRabbit loan activity and other platform use of topped-up digital assets under the Earn terms", "risk_notes": "Current terms allow CoinRabbit to own and use deposited assets, change APY, and set product limits. Current marketing describes flexible withdrawals, but access, rates, assets, limits, and platform capacity can change." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000045", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "CoinRabbit crypto-backed loans", "custody_model": "platform-owned crypto collateral during the loan", "yield_source": "Borrower interest and fees on fixed-term and open-ended crypto-backed loans", "risk_notes": "Collateral can be liquidated at the margin-call threshold. Current marketing claims full reserves and no rehypothecation, while contractual title to collateral passes to CoinRabbit; both statements require product- and date-specific interpretation." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000046", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Nebeus Crypto Renting programs", "custody_model": "program-specific delegated assets handled through Nebeus group infrastructure and authorised providers", "yield_source": "Program-dependent lending, liquidity, and other documented yield-generating activity conducted through Nebeus infrastructure or institutional partners", "risk_notes": "Programs differ by asset, lockup, payout frequency, rate, contracting entity, provider, and ownership language. Current and legacy agreements use materially different legal descriptions." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000046", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Nebeus crypto-backed loans", "custody_model": "custodial crypto collateral under product-specific loan terms", "yield_source": "Loan interest, fees, collateral-management charges, and related platform financial services", "risk_notes": "Loan terms, collateral treatment, LTV, liquidation, duration, legal entity, and jurisdiction differ from Renting programs and require separate review." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000047", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Matrixport Fixed Income and flexible saving", "custody_model": "platform and product-specific custodial investment arrangement", "yield_source": "Platform staking and lending activity, including over-collateralized loans, margin loans, and native staking as described in current first-party materials", "risk_notes": "Rates, currencies, tenors, auto-renewal, early redemption, underlying borrowers, staking methods, legal entity, and principal language vary by product and jurisdiction." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000047", "product_type": "structured_yield", "product_name": "Matrixport structured-yield products", "custody_model": "product-specific custodial structured investment", "yield_source": "Derivative and strategy-based products including dual-currency and other structured-return designs", "risk_notes": "Returns and principal outcomes depend on product payoff terms, market prices, settlement currency, issuer structure, lockup, and jurisdiction. Marketing yield is not a guaranteed universal return." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000047", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Matrixport collateralized loans", "custody_model": "custodial collateral under product-specific loan terms", "yield_source": "Borrower interest and fees from collateralized, fixed-income-backed, and other lending products", "risk_notes": "Collateral eligibility, LTV, liquidation, repayment, custody, pricing, term, and legal entity differ by loan product." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000048", "product_type": "defi_yield_aggregator", "product_name": "Coinchange Earn Account", "custody_model": "product- and version-specific account or asset-management arrangement", "yield_source": "Automated allocation across DeFi and CeFi strategies using proprietary models and active rebalancing", "risk_notes": "APY, strategy composition, custody, key control, liquidity, fees, counterparty exposure, protocol exposure, and jurisdictional access can change. Historical account terms may not describe every current product." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000048", "product_type": "defi_yield_aggregator", "product_name": "Coinchange API, vault, and business yield infrastructure", "custody_model": "client-facing, Coinchange-facing, or trust-minimized structure depending on implementation", "yield_source": "Multi-strategy yield infrastructure delivered through APIs, vaults, managed accounts, and business integrations", "risk_notes": "The contracting entity, client-facing terms, wallet control, allocation authority, liquidity, strategy risk, and regulatory responsibilities depend on the implementation." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000049", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "YieldNodes masternode-rental account", "custody_model": "platform-managed deposit and masternode/staking arrangement", "yield_source": "Operator-managed conversion of customer crypto into DECENOMY-related coins, masternodes, staking, trading, and pooled liquidity flows as described by the operator", "risk_notes": "Customers did not directly control the underlying masternodes or exchange accounts. Liquidity, asset valuation, legal ownership, exchange access, payout funding, counterparty concentration, and the relationship between customer balances and underlying assets remain material and partly disputed." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000050", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Bake Savings", "custody_model": "platform-managed centralized lending arrangement before the April 2026 suspension", "yield_source": "Lending subscribed assets to users or counterparties on centralized-finance platforms, with interest distributed to subscribers", "risk_notes": "Historical marketing used principal-protection language, but product terms, borrower exposure, custody, legal entity, limits, withdrawal conditions, and the April 2026 USD conversion must be reviewed separately. The product is not treated as currently operational after the crypto-service suspension." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000050", "product_type": "defi_yield_aggregator", "product_name": "Bake Lending", "custody_model": "platform-mediated share-based position in DeFi lending pools before the April 2026 suspension", "yield_source": "Borrower interest from DeFi lending protocols, including Compound, reflected through pool-share exchange rates", "risk_notes": "Smart-contract, liquidity, depegging, counterparty, protocol-governance, reward-rate, settlement-cycle, and jurisdiction risks applied. Current operation is not inferred from historical product pages." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000050", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Cake DeFi and Bake staking and liquidity-mining products", "custody_model": "platform-managed staking and DeFi participation", "yield_source": "Blockchain staking rewards and liquidity-mining incentives, historically including DeFiChain products", "risk_notes": "Supported chains, lockups, unstaking periods, derivative assets, protocol exposure, fees, custody, redemption mechanisms, and legal entities changed over time. Legacy product balances were subject to the April 2026 service suspension and USD conversion rules where applicable." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000051", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "BitLendingClub / Loanbase peer-to-peer Bitcoin lending marketplace", "custody_model": "Centrally operated marketplace accounts and platform-mediated Bitcoin transfers between lenders and borrowers", "yield_source": "Interest paid by individual borrowers on marketplace loans", "risk_notes": "Lenders faced borrower default, platform custody, account security, identity-verification, jurisdiction, recovery, withdrawal, and platform-shutdown risk. The February 2016 account compromise and the later regulatory wind-down are separate risk events." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000052", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Bitbond peer-to-peer SME lending marketplace", "custody_model": "Platform-mediated marketplace connecting global investors with small-business borrowers under regulated brokerage and servicing arrangements", "yield_source": "Interest and principal payments from SME borrowers", "risk_notes": "Marketplace lenders faced borrower credit, servicing, legal-entity, jurisdiction, platform-transition, liquidity, and recovery risk. Stopping new originations did not automatically settle the existing loan portfolio." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000052", "product_type": "structured_yield", "product_name": "BB1 Bitbond security token", "custody_model": "Security-token claim against Bitbond Finance with token-holder rights defined by offering documents rather than ordinary marketplace lender terms", "yield_source": "Issuer coupon and redemption obligations supported in part by proceeds allocated to SME lending and other stated uses", "risk_notes": "BB1 issuer, coupon, maturity, subordination, loan-portfolio exposure, token transfer, custody, and investor-right risks differ from direct lending-marketplace claims. No completed redemption or uniform investor outcome is inferred." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000053", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "BitMart Flexible and Fixed Savings", "custody_model": "Subscribed assets were transferred from the user's Spot Wallet to a centrally administered Earn account", "yield_source": "Interest generated through BitMart Savings arrangements, with the user agreement permitting BitMart Group Entities to use subscribed assets for operating purposes including loans to clients or affiliates", "risk_notes": "Flexible and fixed products had different redemption constraints. Users faced platform, counterparty, deployment, liquidity, term, maturity, withdrawal, compliance-review, and wind-down risk; advertised APY and redemption descriptions did not guarantee profit or eliminate loss." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000053", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "BitMart Staking", "custody_model": "Assets moved from Spot Wallet to Earn Wallet and were administered by BitMart for on-chain staking or other supported earning activities", "yield_source": "On-chain staking rewards, interest compensation, project incentives, marketing programs, or other product-specific earning activities", "risk_notes": "Product pages combined PoS and non-PoS earning sources. Users faced lock-up, protocol, counterparty, platform, reward variability, redemption, and wind-down risks, and fixed products could restrict early redemption." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000053", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "BitMart Crypto Loans", "custody_model": "Collateral was frozen and controlled within BitMart accounts under centrally administered loan and liquidation terms", "yield_source": "Borrower interest and, where enabled at loan initiation, Flexible Savings yield on pledged collateral", "risk_notes": "Borrowers faced collateral valuation, liquidation, interest-rate, repayment, suspension, release, compliance, and wind-down risks. Optional Savings yield on collateral did not remove the underlying loan or platform risks." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000054", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Kriptomat KriptoEarn", "custody_model": "Users retained stated ownership while authorizing Kriptomat to place supported assets into protocol staking through an Earn sub-account and partner or protocol infrastructure", "yield_source": "Dynamic Proof-of-Stake protocol rewards, less product fees or commissions reflected in displayed net reward estimates", "risk_notes": "Rewards were variable and protocol-dependent. Deposits and withdrawals could be delayed by protocol-specific periods, services could be suspended for legal or policy reasons, and partner, protocol, network, cybersecurity, fee, custody-interface, and wind-down risks remained." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000055", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Finder Earn", "custody_model": "Customers deposited Australian dollars that Finder Wallet converted to TAUD and allocated to Finder Wallet for use as working capital; customers received Australian dollars when exiting the product", "yield_source": "Fixed annual compounding return paid by Finder Wallet in exchange for use of customer capital, advertised at 4.01% or 6.01% depending on the customer circumstances", "risk_notes": "Customers faced platform credit, working-capital use, stablecoin conversion, legal-title, liquidity, operational and regulatory-classification risk. The courts later held that the product was not a debenture, and ASIC states that all funds were returned in full." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000056", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "AAX Flexible Savings", "custody_model": "Crypto assets were subscribed through the centralized AAX exchange into a flexible savings balance; the reviewed product material does not establish segregation, the deploying legal entity or the ultimate use of subscribed assets", "yield_source": "Variable APY credited on supported crypto assets while users retained flexible redemption features subject to platform availability and terms", "risk_notes": "Customers faced exchange custody, entity, counterparty, deployment, rate, liquidity, withdrawal, recordkeeping, insolvency and cross-jurisdictional creditor risks. Flexible redemption marketing did not prevent the later platform-wide withdrawal freeze." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000056", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "AAX Fixed Savings", "custody_model": "Crypto assets were committed to fixed-duration products administered within AAX; early access and legal ownership depended on product terms and the operating entity, which are not fully established by the reviewed evidence", "yield_source": "Advertised fixed-duration APY on supported crypto assets, including short promotional terms and asset-specific rates", "risk_notes": "Customers faced lock-up, exchange custody, entity, counterparty, deployment, maturity settlement, liquidity, withdrawal, recordkeeping, insolvency and cross-jurisdictional creditor risks. Advertised APY and automatic maturity concepts are not treated as principal protection." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000056", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "AAB Plus", "custody_model": "AAX administered an interest-earning service for AAB tokens with fixed and flexible reward components; the reviewed first-party description does not establish segregation, reserve backing or legal title treatment", "yield_source": "Fixed and dynamic AAB-token rewards intended to provide passive income and partially respond to token-market changes", "risk_notes": "Customers faced AAB token-price, issuer, platform custody, reward-policy, liquidity, withdrawal, entity and insolvency risks. Token-denominated rewards could increase while the underlying token value declined, so advertised payout rates are not equivalent to fiat-value preservation." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000057", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "CriptoSavings", "custody_model": "BlueBenx marketed a centralized crypto-linked investment contract through BlueBenx Finance; the reviewed regulatory material does not establish segregation, trust treatment, wallet-level custody, or customer legal title to underlying assets", "yield_source": "Crypto-linked investment returns marketed by BlueBenx; CYA does not reconstruct or validate the underlying trading, liquidity-pool, lending or token strategy from the reviewed sources", "risk_notes": "Customers faced platform, liquidity, withdrawal, legal-structure, regulatory, operational and potential strategy risks. CVM classified the offering activity as a securities-market matter, but that does not by itself resolve asset ownership or customer recovery." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000057", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "BlueBenx DeFi term investments", "custody_model": "BlueBenx offered fixed-term products identified by CVM as DeFi 90 days, DeFi 180 days and DeFi 360 days; the reviewed sources do not establish segregated custody, legal title, or a verified smart-contract deployment controlled directly by customers", "yield_source": "Advertised crypto-linked returns over fixed terms; the precise underlying yield-generation mechanism is not treated as verified from marketing or regulatory naming alone", "risk_notes": "Customers faced term lock-up, platform, liquidity, withdrawal, strategy, legal-structure and regulatory risks. The DeFi label is a product name and does not establish non-custodial protocol exposure." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000058", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Hotbit DeFi Farm", "custody_model": "Users subscribed to named DeFi Farm products through Hotbit's centralized Investment Center. Hotbit support notices describe automatic redemption back into the user's Hotbit investment account, not direct self-custody of the underlying strategy", "yield_source": "Asset-specific DeFi Farm investment products with advertised annualized-return terms administered through Hotbit; the reviewed closure notices do not establish the complete downstream protocol, counterparty or reserve structure for every product", "risk_notes": "Customers faced centralized-exchange custody, strategy, smart-contract or protocol, counterparty, rate, liquidity, redemption and platform-shutdown risks. Internal redemption did not guarantee external withdrawal." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000058", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Hotbit Staking Investment", "custody_model": "Users subscribed to staking-branded investment products inside Hotbit. Support notices show Hotbit controlled product subscription and redemption scheduling and credited redeemed positions to the investment account", "yield_source": "Asset-specific staking or staking-like rewards offered through Hotbit's Investment Center; exact validator, protocol and counterparty arrangements varied by product and are not generalized", "risk_notes": "Customers faced exchange custody, lock-up or redemption-delay, staking or protocol, counterparty, asset-price, operational and shutdown risks. Product labels and internal-account balances do not establish principal protection or external custody rights." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000059", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "FTX App Earn", "custody_model": "Yield was credited inside FTX-branded customer accounts. The reviewed historical support and post-bankruptcy account materials do not establish one universal segregation, trust, wallet-level custody or legal-title model across FTX.com, FTX US and other branded variants", "yield_source": "FTX marketed tiered yield on supported crypto and fiat balances. CYA does not infer the exact downstream lending, staking, treasury or counterparty mechanism from the customer-facing Earn description alone", "risk_notes": "Customers faced centralized-exchange custody, counterparty, liquidity, insolvency, legal-entity, jurisdiction, withdrawal and terms-change risks. The later bankruptcy claims process replaced normal account access and does not establish that Earn principal or yield was separately protected." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000060", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Liquid Earn", "custody_model": "Liquid customers accessed the Celsius earning model through the Liquid exchange integration. The reviewed launch material does not establish whether every supported asset was transferred to Celsius under the same legal arrangement or whether customer title, segregation and creditor rights were uniform", "yield_source": "Celsius compounding-yield model integrated into Liquid, with weekly payouts and no lock-in described at launch", "risk_notes": "Customers faced exchange custody, Celsius-related counterparty, platform-parent, liquidity, withdrawal, legal-entity and insolvency-contagion risks. The integration does not prove that every Liquid Earn customer was a direct creditor of Celsius." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000061", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Swyftx Earn", "custody_model": "Swyftx's current retrospective support describes assets as having been held in an Earn wallet and later returned to the user's Swyftx trade wallet. The reviewed sources do not establish the historical product's exact legal-title, segregation, trust, wallet-control or downstream custody structure.", "yield_source": "The product paid interest and was previously called Staking, but the reviewed sources do not establish one universal staking, lending or other downstream yield mechanism across all supported assets and periods. CYA does not infer the yield source from the former product name alone.", "risk_notes": "Users faced centralized-exchange custody, product-terms, withdrawal, regulatory-change, counterparty and yield-mechanism risks. The product was discontinued while the Swyftx exchange continued operating, and current retrospective documentation does not reconstruct all historical product terms." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000062", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "KuCoin Earn", "custody_model": "KuCoin Earn is presented inside the KuCoin account system and current support documentation describes Financial/Funding-account subscription, holding and redemption flows. The reviewed sources do not establish one universal legal-title, segregation, trust or downstream custody model across every KuCoin Earn product.", "yield_source": "Varies by product. Current KuCoin Earn includes Simple Earn, staking, Crypto Lending Pro and structured products. CYA does not infer one yield source across savings, staking, lending, promotions or structured products.", "risk_notes": "Risks vary by product and can include centralized-platform custody, borrower/counterparty exposure, staking and protocol exposure, structured-product market risk, liquidity/redemption restrictions, term risk, changing APRs, operational risk and jurisdiction-specific availability." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000063", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "OKX Simple Earn", "custody_model": "OKX's Simple Earn terms describe users depositing digital assets into the service and losing access to use those assets while subscribed. The reviewed sources do not establish one universal legal-title or segregation conclusion for every jurisdiction and product term.", "yield_source": "Primarily lending-based in the reviewed Simple Earn materials. Flexible positions are matched with borrowing demand including loan and margin users; fixed positions are matched with borrowing demand for a fixed term. Product rules and eligible assets vary by jurisdiction and period.", "risk_notes": "OKX states that Simple Earn is not principal-protected. Risks include borrower and counterparty exposure, platform custody, liquidity and redemption restrictions, fixed-term lockups, overdue-loan extensions, market and APR changes, operational risk and jurisdiction-specific terms." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000064", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Gate Simple Earn", "custody_model": "Gate's current support describes subscriptions transferring assets from the user's Spot or Unified/Trading account into Simple Earn. The reviewed sources do not establish one universal legal-title, segregation, trust or creditor-right model across flexible and fixed-term products.", "yield_source": "Flexible-term returns are described as lending income: subscribed assets serve as working capital for Gate's lending business, are lent to other users, and generated interest is distributed to subscribers. Fixed-term return mechanics are documented separately and should not be assumed identical to the flexible lending model.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform custody, borrower/lending exposure for flexible products, changing borrowing demand and APR, redemption delays under heavy demand, fixed-term and early-redemption conditions, market risk, operational risk and jurisdiction-specific availability." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000065", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Bybit Easy Earn", "custody_model": "Easy Earn operates inside Bybit account infrastructure. The reviewed sources describe subscription from Bybit accounts and product-specific redemption but do not support one universal legal-title, segregation, trust or creditor-right interpretation across every jurisdiction and Easy Earn variant.", "yield_source": "Varies by product. Bybit currently states Flexible Easy Earn yields are generated from platform revenue; Fixed Easy Earn can use Bybit loan activity or third-party risk-neutral wealth-management strategies. Fixed Rate Loan is a distinct supply-to-loan product and is not collapsed into the same yield source.", "risk_notes": "Bybit labels certain Easy Earn flexible/fixed products principal-protected in token amount, but CYA treats this as current product wording rather than a universal legal or solvency guarantee. Risks can include centralized-platform custody, borrower or third-party strategy exposure, lock-up and early-redemption conditions, market value changes, operational risk and jurisdiction-specific restrictions." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000066", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Binance Simple Earn", "custody_model": "Simple Earn operates inside Binance account infrastructure. Reviewed jurisdiction-specific disclosures show that legal treatment can vary and do not support one universal segregation, trust, ownership or creditor-right conclusion.", "yield_source": "Varies by product and jurisdiction. Binance presents flexible and locked Simple Earn separately from staking and Advanced Earn; reviewed disclosures include lending-related treatment for some Simple Earn assets. CYA does not infer one yield source across all assets and regions.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform custody, lending/counterparty exposure, liquidity and redemption conditions, changing APRs, legal-entity and jurisdiction differences, and bankruptcy/segregation risk. Simple Earn must not be treated as a bank deposit or universal principal guarantee." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000067", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Bitget Simple Earn", "custody_model": "Current Bitget terms state that Bitget acts as platform provider and that third parties may manage or custody underlying assets. The reviewed materials do not support one universal segregation, trust or customer-ownership conclusion across products and networks.", "yield_source": "Varies by product and underlying network. Historical Flexible Savings paid daily interest; current Simple Earn terms allow third-party and protocol-based asset management, while flexible and fixed variants have distinct reward and redemption mechanics.", "risk_notes": "Current terms identify Bitget credit and operational risk, third-party service-provider risk, protocol hacks/exploits/economic-model risk, possible loss of subscribed assets, variable rewards and lack of guaranteed principal return." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000068", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Phemex Savings", "custody_model": "Current Phemex Earn terms state that subscribed Earn Assets are not segregated from other users' assets and may be commingled with assets belonging to Phemex and affiliates. Redemption returns the same value/type under the product terms rather than necessarily the identical deposited units.", "yield_source": "Current Phemex terms permit Earn Assets to be used for operating purposes including loans to users/affiliates and on-chain staking. Historical Phemex materials also described funding-arbitrage strategies. CYA does not infer one fixed yield source for every Savings asset or period.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform custody, non-segregation and commingling, borrower/default and staking exposure, liquidity constraints, variable rewards, changing product availability and the possibility that some or all Earn Assets may not be returned in extreme circumstances." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000069", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "WhiteBIT Crypto Lending", "custody_model": "Current WhiteBIT terms define Crypto Lending as the user lending digital assets to WhiteBIT under an available plan. The reviewed terms do not support treating the lent assets as a bank deposit, regulated savings product, segregated trust asset or universally risk-free custody arrangement.", "yield_source": "Income is generated under lending plans provided by WhiteBIT, with rates, terms and asset limits varying by plan. Fixed and flexible plans have distinct accrual and redemption mechanics, and some third-party proposals can also appear in the broader Crypto Lending section but are outside this canonical product identity.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform credit and operational exposure, digital-asset price volatility, changing lending rates, liquidity/service restrictions, regulatory limitations and plan-specific early-withdrawal or payout conditions. Marketing statements about asset security or principal treatment are not generalized beyond applicable terms." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000070", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "HTX Simple Earn", "custody_model": "The reviewed Simple Earn Agreement governs subscriptions through the HTX platform. It does not establish a segregated bank-deposit or trust structure for the reviewed product; flexible subscriptions are matched with borrowing demand generated by HTX services.", "yield_source": "For Flexible products, HTX states it endeavors to match subscribed assets with borrowing demand arising from other HTX services. Flexible rates fluctuate with market conditions. Fixed-term products use the rate prevailing at subscription under the applicable term.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform exposure, variable flexible rates, borrower/market demand, liquidity and service-operation risk, fixed-term lock-up and the broad investment risks identified in the Simple Earn Agreement. Promotional principal-return mechanics do not establish a universal solvency guarantee." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000071", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "CoinEx Flexible Savings", "custody_model": "Reviewed CoinEx product materials describe assets being subscribed into the Flexible Savings/Financial Account product and redeemed back to the Spot account. They do not establish a segregated trust, bank-deposit or universal title-protection structure for subscribed assets.", "yield_source": "CoinEx states that Flexible Savings yields are linked to borrowing interest rates from Margin Trading and Loans, with additional CoinEx subsidies in the current product. Historical Financial Account material described allocating a portion of margin borrowed-coin interest to users.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform exposure, floating/possibly zero rates, borrower-demand dependence, liquidity constraints and delayed redemption when idle savings assets are insufficient until borrowers return coins. Marketing descriptions such as low-risk or principal-protected are not treated as universal custody or solvency guarantees." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000072", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "BingX Earn", "custody_model": "Reviewed BingX materials describe subscription into a centralized Wealth/Earn account and redemption back to the user's fund account. They do not establish a segregated bank-deposit or trust structure. Users who opt into Wealth as Margin can transfer subscribed USDT Wealth assets into the perpetual-futures margin system, where those assets can be consumed by liquidation.", "yield_source": "The reviewed public BingX materials describe flexible and fixed-term interest products but do not establish one universal underlying yield source for all Earn assets and periods. Flexible APR changes dynamically with market conditions; fixed-term products use term-specific rates.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform exposure, variable rates, product-specific lockups and, for Wealth-as-margin users, derivatives liquidation. Current pages market principal protection while simultaneously warning of partial or total loss of account funds; CYA records that tension rather than treating the marketing phrase as a universal guarantee." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000073", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "MEXC Savings", "custody_model": "The current MEXC Earn Service Agreement allows MEXC to combine a user's subscribed Digital Assets with other users' assets and authorizes MEXC to deal with those assets as it deems fit to generate returns. The reviewed terms do not establish a segregated bank-deposit or trust model for Savings.", "yield_source": "MEXC publishes APRs for Flexible and Fixed Savings, but the agreement states rates can vary and displayed returns are estimates rather than guaranteed outcomes. Auto-Earn can allocate eligible idle assets into Flexible or Fixed Savings.", "risk_notes": "The current agreement explicitly states that Earn is not principal-protected and that principal can be lost in whole or in part. Additional risks include centralized-platform exposure, asset commingling/use, variable rates, product limits, fixed-term lockups, service changes and jurisdiction restrictions." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000074", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Bitfinex Margin Funding", "custody_model": "Users move assets into a Bitfinex Funding Wallet and place peer-to-peer funding offers that can be matched with margin traders or Bitfinex Borrow demand. Reviewed first-party materials describe platform matching, collateral and liquidation controls but do not establish a segregated bank-deposit or trust structure for the funding-provider claim.", "yield_source": "Funding providers receive interest paid by users who take their funding. Providers choose amount, rate and term, and Bitfinex deducts a funding fee from earned interest. Lending Pro automates management of offers in this same funding market.", "risk_notes": "Margin Funding is explicitly not risk-free. Bitfinex says collateral and liquidation systems reduce provider risk, but in an extreme market move where losses exceed collateral broadly enough, losses could ultimately be shared with funding providers. Funding availability, rates, term and eligibility also vary." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000075", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Poloniex Earn", "custody_model": "Reviewed Poloniex materials describe subscription from exchange balances into flexible- or fixed-term Earn products and redemption or maturity back to the spot account. They do not establish a universal segregated bank-deposit or trust structure for all Earn products.", "yield_source": "Poloniex publishes product-specific estimated APYs and pays interest according to each flexible or fixed product's rules. The reviewed public sources do not establish one universal underlying yield-generation mechanism for all Poloniex Earn assets and periods.", "risk_notes": "Poloniex describes all Earn investment products as principal-protected, but its launch and related product notices also warn that cryptocurrency investment is subject to high market risk and users are responsible for losses. CYA therefore preserves principal-protection wording as an attributed product statement rather than a universal legal, custody or solvency guarantee. Fixed-term products can restrict early redemption and quotas/rates can change." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000076", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Flipster Earn", "custody_model": "Current Premium Earn terms state that allocated USDT remains in the user's Flipster Platform Wallet but cannot be withdrawn or transferred while allocated and may remain usable as margin for certain derivatives trading. The reviewed materials do not support treating this as a bank deposit, segregated trust account or universal custody model for every Flipster Earn variant.", "yield_source": "Yield mechanics vary by Flipster Earn variant and period. The 2024 Earn Campaign used variable daily campaign rewards; current Premium Earn terms state that Premium Earn rewards are paid from Flipster's marketing budget at Flipster's discretion. CYA does not generalize that source to Dynamic Earn or other variants without separate evidence.", "risk_notes": "Premium Earn carries a 24-hour withdrawal lockup, can be restricted or suspended under specified compliance, legal, security or force-majeure conditions, and allocated USDT may be used as derivatives margin. Floating APR and product availability can change. Derivatives use can create losses beyond ordinary Earn reward variability." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000077", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Bitrue Power Piggy", "custody_model": "Power Piggy is an exchange-hosted investment/staking feature inside Bitrue accounts. Reviewed first-party product guides describe depositing supported assets, receiving daily rewards and redeeming flexible positions, but do not establish a universal segregated bank-deposit or trust structure for Power Piggy assets.", "yield_source": "Bitrue publishes asset- and campaign-specific reward rates for Power Piggy, including flexible staking and BTR-linked boost structures. The reviewed public sources do not establish one universal underlying yield-generation mechanism for all supported assets and periods, so CYA leaves the umbrella yield source product-specific and unresolved beyond the published reward program.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform exposure, changing APRs and caps, asset-specific eligibility, market volatility, and different lockup or BTR-boost rules for special products. Flexible positions may permit redemption without lockup, while separate lockup offers can impose fixed holding periods. Promotional APR language is not treated as a principal, custody or solvency guarantee." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000078", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "BloFin Earn", "custody_model": "The current BloFin Earn Service Agreement says users are the legal owners of assets deposited with the service but, once assets are deposited and locked, users entrust and authorize BloFin as an intermediary to perform actions on subscribed assets. Auto-Earn can subscribe eligible idle balances from funding, spot and unified trading accounts. These terms do not support treating Earn as a segregated bank deposit or universal insolvency-protected account.", "yield_source": "BloFin describes market-based returns and authorizes actions including node voting and digital-asset gain. Flexible interest can vary hourly; fixed products use displayed term rates. The reviewed sources do not establish one universal yield source for every asset or period.", "risk_notes": "The agreement expressly says historical returns are not indicative of future returns and BloFin does not guarantee repayment of principal or displayed interest. Risks include severe or total asset loss, market anomalies, delayed redemptions, fixed-term lockups, platform/security events and product-rule changes." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000079", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "LBank Earn", "custody_model": "The current LBank Earn Service Agreement permits LBank to aggregate users' assets for unified management and utilization and authorizes the platform to pledge, lend, provide liquidity, hedge or participate in other projects using subscribed assets to generate returns. The reviewed terms do not establish a segregated bank-deposit or trust structure for the umbrella Earn service.", "yield_source": "Yield sources vary by product. LBank Spot Earn guidance says first-month yield can be subsidized by LBank and later Spot Earn yield is based on arbitrage strategies executed by professional quantitative institutions. The umbrella agreement also permits broader asset-use strategies, so CYA does not generalize Spot Earn's institutional-arbitrage source to Locked, Futures Earn or every other Earn product.", "risk_notes": "The governing agreement explicitly states that Earn does not provide principal protection and users may face partial or total principal loss. Additional risks include asset aggregation and reuse, lockups, liquidity constraints, APR changes, market volatility, technical failures and regulatory/service changes." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000080", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Toobit Earn", "custody_model": "Reviewed Toobit Earn materials state that subscribed funds are transferred from the user's Spot account to a Toobit Earn account. Current general Terms of Use identify jurisdiction-specific contracting entities, but the reviewed public materials do not establish an Earn-specific segregated bank-deposit, trust, or universal legal-title structure.", "yield_source": "Toobit publishes product-specific APRs for Flexible and Fixed Earn. Flexible APR adjusts with market conditions; fixed products use term-specific rates. The reviewed sources do not establish one universal underlying yield-generation source for all assets and periods.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform exposure, variable Flexible APR, daily redemption caps and queues, fixed-term lockups or forfeited interest on early redemption where allowed, product changes and digital-asset market risk. Jurisdiction-specific contracting entities and product terms must be preserved rather than generalized." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000081", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "Bitunix Easy Earn", "custody_model": "The Easy Earn agreement defines subscription as transferring assets from the user's Spot Account to an Earn Account. The reviewed agreement and general risk disclosure do not establish a universal segregated bank-deposit, trust, or fiduciary structure for Easy Earn assets.", "yield_source": "Flexible products accrue interest hourly and fixed-term products follow term-specific interest rules. Bitunix allocates 15% of financial-income distribution to a risk reserve and 85% to user return distribution. The reviewed public materials do not establish one universal underlying external yield strategy for all Easy Earn assets.", "risk_notes": "Returns can change with market conditions. Fixed products can lock funds until maturity. The agreement disclaims liability for fund losses arising from force majeure, system failures, hacking attacks or policy changes. The risk reserve affects distribution but is not treated as a universal principal, custody or solvency guarantee." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000082", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "AscendEX Earn", "custody_model": "Reviewed AscendEX materials describe exchange-hosted Earn positions. The Staking Agreement states that AscendEX stakes designated tokens through third-party validators, while the Yield Farming Agreement states that designated tokens may be deposited into relevant DeFi smart contracts. These product-specific mechanisms do not establish one universal segregated deposit, trust or legal-title model across AscendEX Earn.", "yield_source": "AscendEX describes multiple yield generators, including staking, DeFi yield farming, liquidity mining, lending and borrowing, plus promotional opportunities. Staking rewards may derive from validator activity and yield-farming positions may use DeFi smart contracts; no single yield source applies universally across all Earn products.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform exposure, validator and unbonding risk, DeFi smart-contract risk, liquidity risk, variable or estimated returns, fixed-term lockups or redemption constraints, and digital-asset market risk. AscendEX states estimated staking yield is not guaranteed and its general risk disclosure warns of possible total loss." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000083", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Bitpanda Staking", "custody_model": "Exchange-hosted staking service. Current first-party materials state that supported assets can generally be unstaked and used again, subject to network-specific exceptions such as ETH. CYA does not infer a universal legal-title or insolvency-treatment model from those operational statements.", "yield_source": "Rewards originate from participation in supported proof-of-stake blockchain networks and are distributed by Bitpanda on its product schedule.", "risk_notes": "Risks include crypto-asset price volatility, protocol and validator risk, slashing or hacks, network-specific unbonding constraints and variable or non-guaranteed rewards." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000083", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Bitpanda Earn on Stablecoins", "custody_model": "Title-transfer loan to Bitpanda. First-party materials state that ownership of supported stablecoins passes to Bitpanda for the term of the Earn transaction, the assets leave regulated custody, and the customer becomes an unsecured creditor.", "yield_source": "Yield is paid by Bitpanda under the stablecoin lending arrangement rather than generated by proof-of-stake validation. The current product combines a base reward with a discretionary variable component.", "risk_notes": "Explicitly disclosed risks include Bitpanda counterparty, insolvency and default risk, stablecoin de-pegging risk, variable rewards, a redemption waiting period, no deposit protection and possible partial or total loss." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000084", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "CEX.IO Staking", "custody_model": "Exchange-hosted staking tied to supported assets held through the CEX.IO account. Reviewed first-party materials describe reward eligibility and account-balance mechanics but do not establish one universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-treatment model.", "yield_source": "Rewards are linked to proof-of-stake or similar consensus participation for supported assets and are distributed through CEX.IO's staking service.", "risk_notes": "Risks include crypto-asset volatility, protocol and validator exposure, changing reward rates, product and jurisdictional availability, and centralized-platform exposure. The older Automated Crypto Staking program was suspended in April 2025, while other Staking services continued." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000084", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "CEX.IO Savings", "custody_model": "Dedicated exchange-hosted Savings balance. First-party material states that customer funds may be used to facilitate lending and other crypto-market activity. The reviewed sources do not establish one universal legal-title or segregation treatment for every Savings configuration.", "yield_source": "First-party material describes returns as arising from customer funds facilitating crypto-market activities, including lending to market participants and liquidity uses. Reward mechanics and availability vary by product and jurisdiction.", "risk_notes": "Risks include CEX.IO counterparty exposure, borrower or market-liquidity exposure, crypto-asset volatility, changing reward rates, redemption and product-specific constraints, and jurisdictional restrictions. Current public material is internally inconsistent about Locked Savings availability, so no universal current locked-term claim is made." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000085", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Bitvavo Staking", "custody_model": "Exchange-hosted staking service provided by Bitvavo B.V. Current first-party materials state that Bitvavo may stake supported digital assets in third-party proof-of-stake protocols or networks. Flex Staking keeps assets available to trade or withdraw, while Fixed Staking locks selected assets for a defined period. These operational mechanics do not establish one universal legal-title or insolvency-treatment model.", "yield_source": "Rewards are associated with supported proof-of-stake protocols or networks. Bitvavo sets displayed reward rates and may account for network and service fees in those rates.", "risk_notes": "Risks include protocol and validator risk, slashing, smart-contract vulnerabilities where applicable, market volatility, regulatory change and Fixed Staking lock-up/liquidity constraints. Bitvavo states the Staking service is currently outside MiCA regulation." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000085", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Bitvavo Lending", "custody_model": "Lending service provided by Bitvavo Custody B.V. First-party materials state eligible digital assets may be lent to professional parties that support platform liquidity and may also be lent to other users for margin trading. Assets generally remain tradable or withdrawable, subject to program conditions. Reviewed public material does not establish one universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-treatment rule.", "yield_source": "Rewards arise from making eligible assets available through Bitvavo Custody B.V. to professional liquidity counterparties and potentially margin-trading users. Rates vary by asset and are calculated daily and paid weekly.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized counterparty, borrower and liquidity exposure, variable reward rates, market risk and jurisdictional/regulatory risk. Bitvavo states Lending is currently outside MiCA regulation and that some regulated-service safeguards may not apply." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000086", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Coinmetro BTC Earn", "custody_model": "Fixed-term centralized reward product managed inside the Coinmetro account. The launch announcement states BTC is held for the selected 3, 6, 12 or 24 month term and that the full BTC balance is returned at term end. Reviewed public material does not establish legal-title transfer, segregation, trust treatment, insurance or insolvency treatment, so CYA leaves those unresolved.", "yield_source": "Coinmetro states rewards are generated and distributed through its internal infrastructure without external lending platforms, third-party protocols, wrapped assets or synthetic tokens. The reviewed source does not disclose the underlying economic source of that internal reward generation.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform and solvency exposure, fixed-term illiquidity, reward forfeiture on early exit, Bitcoin market volatility and uncertainty about the undisclosed underlying economic source of rewards. The term-end return statement is a product promise rather than an independent principal guarantee." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000087", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Uphold Staking", "custody_model": "Custodial exchange-hosted staking. Current reviewed U.S. and European Uphold staking terms state that users retain ownership of eligible cryptoassets while staked and that the assets remain user property; U.S. terms additionally state beneficial ownership remains unaffected while Uphold retains custodial responsibility. Geographic terms vary and these statements are not generalized beyond the reviewed applicable terms.", "yield_source": "Rewards are based on staking eligible cryptoassets in the relevant third-party proof-of-stake network and are determined by that network rather than promised as a fixed return by CYA.", "risk_notes": "Risks include protocol and validator performance, slashing, unbonding and liquidity delays, custodial/platform exposure, market volatility and geographic/regulatory restrictions. Boosted or fixed-duration variants may add lock-up constraints." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000088", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "HashKey Exchange ETH Staking", "custody_model": "Exchange-hosted ETH staking using an independent-node model. First-party materials state that each client's assets are staked to a dedicated independent node. HashKey's disclosure identifies HashKey Cloud/Wancloud Limited as a node validation provider in its staking infrastructure. Reviewed public materials do not establish a universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-treatment conclusion.", "yield_source": "Ethereum proof-of-stake network rewards generated by the independent validator node, less HashKey Exchange's stated 20% service fee. Rewards are explicitly not fixed and depend on network reward rates, node uptime and validator performance.", "risk_notes": "Risks include validator and operational failure, slashing, Ethereum staking and unstaking queue delays, changing network reward rates, platform/custody exposure and unresolved legal-title or insolvency treatment in the reviewed public materials." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000089", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "eToro Staking", "custody_model": "Custodial platform-hosted staking. First-party launch and current staking materials state that staked cryptoassets remain the property of eToro users while eToro executes the staking procedure on their behalf. CYA preserves that product statement without treating it as proof of legal segregation or insolvency protection across every eToro entity and jurisdiction.", "yield_source": "Proof-of-stake network rewards generated by supported cryptoassets, with eToro distributing a jurisdiction- and account-dependent share of staking yield after applicable operating and program deductions.", "risk_notes": "Risks include protocol and validator performance, slashing, liquidity and unstaking constraints, market volatility, platform/custody exposure, jurisdiction-specific eligibility and regulatory change. Express user-property language is not a guarantee of principal or insolvency outcome." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000090", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Robinhood Crypto Staking", "custody_model": "Custodial Robinhood Crypto staking. The 2024 Europe launch states that European customers own their crypto while Robinhood holds it on their behalf. Current service spans different legal entities and jurisdictions and U.S. materials describe use of third-party staking partners, so CYA does not infer one universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency treatment across all customers.", "yield_source": "Underlying proof-of-stake protocol rewards, net of third-party staking partner fees and Robinhood Crypto fees where applicable. Rewards are variable and are not guaranteed by Robinhood Crypto.", "risk_notes": "Risks include protocol and validator performance, slashing, bonding and unbonding delays, reward-rate variability, third-party staking partner exposure, platform/custody exposure, fees and jurisdiction-specific regulatory or legal treatment." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000091", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Bitstamp Earn Staking", "custody_model": "Custodial exchange-hosted staking. Bitstamp's launch material describes staking assets already held in a Bitstamp account while Bitstamp handles the technical staking process. Current first-party educational material states that customers maintain full ownership of crypto assets when staking with Bitstamp Earn. CYA preserves that product statement without treating it as proof of legal segregation or insolvency protection across every Bitstamp entity and jurisdiction.", "yield_source": "Proof-of-stake protocol rewards generated by supported assets. Current first-party material states that Bitstamp acts as service provider and charges a 15% commission on rewards received from the underlying protocol.", "risk_notes": "Risks include validator and protocol performance, slashing, network-specific lock-up or unstaking conditions, reward variability, market volatility, platform/custody exposure, jurisdiction-specific availability and regulatory change. Express customer-ownership language is not a universal principal or insolvency guarantee." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000092", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Revolut Crypto Staking", "custody_model": "Centralized app-hosted staking. Current first-party terms state that Revolut uses third-party validators or partners to stake cryptoassets on the user's behalf, that the staked cryptoassets are not transferred to the third party, and that Revolut continues holding them on the user's behalf while the user remains beneficial owner. Legal-title, safeguarding and entity treatment can vary by jurisdiction and are not universalized.", "yield_source": "Proof-of-stake network or validator rewards associated with supported cryptoassets, distributed to customers net of applicable third-party and/or Revolut commissions under the relevant jurisdiction and product terms.", "risk_notes": "Risks include token-price volatility, validator performance, slashing that may reduce rewards or principal, token-specific warm-up and lock-up/unbonding periods, network or protocol failures, platform/custody exposure, variable/non-guaranteed rewards and jurisdiction-specific fee/regulatory treatment. Beneficial ownership does not itself establish universal legal segregation or insolvency protection." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000093", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Bitso Earnings stablecoin / provider-sourced yield", "custody_model": "Centralized Bitso account-based Earnings product. Current first-party material states balances remain available for withdrawal and transactions while Earnings is enabled. The reviewed public sources do not establish one universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-treatment rule for provider-sourced Earnings assets.", "yield_source": "Current Bitso material documents fixed/tiered stablecoin yields and a Bitso+ guide states that Bitso sources yields from specialized third-party yield providers. Other Earnings methods are product-specific and are not collapsed into this entry.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform and third-party provider/counterparty exposure, stablecoin and market risk, variable rates, liquidity/operational interruption and jurisdictional/regulatory change. Flexible withdrawal language is not a principal or solvency guarantee." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000093", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Bitso Earnings staking", "custody_model": "Bitso-hosted staking within the broader Earnings program. Bitso states users hold eligible proof-of-stake assets in their account and Bitso handles the staking process while balances remain flexible under current product rules. Reviewed public material does not establish one universal legal-title or segregation model.", "yield_source": "Proof-of-stake network rewards for supported assets including current ETH, ADA, DOT, ATOM and SOL coverage, with rates varying by asset and market/network conditions.", "risk_notes": "Risks include protocol and validator risk, market volatility, network/security vulnerabilities, variable rewards, platform/custody exposure and regulatory change. Current no-fixed-lockup behavior does not eliminate protocol or platform risk." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000094", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Luno Staking", "custody_model": "Custodial exchange-hosted staking. Current Luno terms state staked cryptoassets are not transferred to the third-party validator, Luno continues holding them on the user's behalf and the user remains beneficial owner. The service uses selected staking providers and validator-node infrastructure, with contracting entity and availability varying by jurisdiction.", "yield_source": "Proof-of-stake protocol and validator rewards associated with supported assets. Luno's terms state rewards may be granted by the network or third-party validator and describe warm-up-period handling that can involve Luno corporate staking funds.", "risk_notes": "Risks include validator and protocol failure, warm-up and activation timing, token-specific unstaking mechanics, slashing that can reduce rewards or principal, market volatility, platform/custody exposure and regulatory or regional availability changes. Beneficial ownership does not itself establish universal legal segregation or insolvency protection." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000095", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Ndax Staking", "custody_model": "Custodial exchange-hosted staking for Canadian residents. Ndax's current User Agreement states users receive full rights, interests and title to Virtual Assets purchased on the platform, while assets left on-platform are custodied under Ndax and third-party custody arrangements. Current staking/risk disclosures state Ndax arranges staking or delegation through approved third-party validators.", "yield_source": "Ndax's current relationship and staking disclosures describe proof-of-stake validation through experienced third-party validators. User reward payments are determined by Ndax and may change, while current staking policy states reward estimates are not guaranteed and are paid only after Ndax receives rewards from successful validation activity.", "risk_notes": "Risks include third-party validator dependence, slashing, protocol/network failures, bonding/unbonding delays, variable reward rates, market volatility, platform/custody exposure and regulatory change. Current title/custody safeguards do not eliminate staking-specific loss or platform risk." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000096", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "VALR Staking", "custody_model": "Custodial exchange-hosted staking. Current VALR terms state staked assets may be transferred into a separate account for protocol facilitation on behalf of the eligible account holder, while rights, title and ownership remain with that account holder; the assets are held by VALR for the account holder and are not VALR property or subject to VALR creditor claims.", "yield_source": "Proof-of-stake protocol rewards generated through supported digital-asset networks. Current VALR terms state rewards may be earned after successful validation, are remitted according to VALR's applicable percentage, can be subject to staking fees/commissions and are not guaranteed.", "risk_notes": "Risks include market volatility, liquidity/unstaking delays, protocol and validator failures, slashing, changing rewards/commissions, platform downtime and operational or regulatory change. Express ownership/creditor language does not remove protocol or validator risk." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000097", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Newton Earn (Staking)", "custody_model": "Custodial platform-hosted staking for Canadian customers. Current Newton terms state account Digital Assets are fully-paid assets beneficially owned by customers, not Newton, and held in trust. Current staking material states staked assets remain in Newton omnibus accounts with the custodian and attributed to the user's account, while custody, possession and control are not transferred to validators.", "yield_source": "Proof-of-stake protocol rewards generated through supported networks and approved validators. Newton's current first-party material describes validator/protocol-derived rewards net of applicable staking fees; rewards and displayed rates are variable and not guaranteed.", "risk_notes": "Risks include validator dependence, slashing, protocol/network failures, bonding and unbonding delays, changing reward rates and fees, market volatility, platform/custody exposure and regulatory change. Beneficial ownership and trust language do not eliminate staking-specific or platform risk." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000098", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "Wealthsimple Crypto Staking", "custody_model": "Custodial platform-hosted staking for eligible Canadian customers. Wealthsimple's current Crypto Product Risk Disclosure states customer cryptoassets are fully-paid assets beneficially owned by customers, held in trust and separated from Wealthsimple's own assets. Current staking material describes use of approved third-party validators from custodial wallets.", "yield_source": "Proof-of-stake protocol rewards generated through supported networks and third-party validators. Wealthsimple's current first-party material describes variable/non-guaranteed rewards and applicable staking fees rather than a fixed platform obligation.", "risk_notes": "Risks include validator dependence, slashing, protocol/network failures, warm-up and cool-down or unstaking delays, changing reward rates and fees, market volatility, custody/platform exposure and regulatory change. Trust/separation language does not guarantee rewards, liquidity or absence of loss." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000099", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Bit2Me Earn", "custody_model": "Product-specific centralized yield arrangement. Current Earn terms state the user transfers and locks eligible cryptoassets in favor of Bit2Me and authorizes Bit2Me to transfer, dispose of or use those assets during the Earn period. This treatment is distinct from ordinary wallet custody and can include proof-of-stake activity for eligible assets under separate Earn terms.", "yield_source": "Variable rewards generated through Bit2Me Earn mechanisms described in current first-party material, including staking-validation rewards for eligible proof-of-stake assets and other product-supported yield activity. Reward conditions are variable and product/asset dependent.", "risk_notes": "Risks include Bit2Me/platform exposure created by the Earn-specific transfer/use rights, changes to reward rates and supported assets, withdrawal or suspension conditions, staking/protocol risks for applicable assets, market volatility, operational risk and regulatory change. The product is not treated as customer-owned custody while assets are subject to the reviewed Earn transfer/use terms." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000100", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Coinmerce Earn", "custody_model": "Product-specific lending/yield arrangement through the Yield Account and Coinmerce Earn B.V. Current terms define the client as lender and Coinmerce Earn as borrower; assets dedicated to Earn leave the ordinary Foundation custody structure and may be used by Coinmerce Earn for on-lending or staking with third parties.", "yield_source": "Yield generated by Coinmerce Earn through use of borrowed eligible assets, including on-lending and staking with third parties, with rewards credited under the current Earn/Yield Account terms. Reward levels and eligible assets are terms- and product-dependent.", "risk_notes": "Risks include borrower/counterparty exposure to Coinmerce Earn, third-party on-lending and staking risk, changes to reward conditions, loss of ordinary Foundation-custody treatment for dedicated Earn assets, market and liquidity risk, operational risk and regulatory change. Ordinary Coinmerce custody protections must not be generalized to the Earn lending arrangement." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000101", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "XORA Finance XRP Yield", "custody_model": "Centralized custodial arrangement. XORA's current whitepaper and terms describe a shared XRPL treasury with per-user destination tags and off-chain balance accounting; supported deposited balances are held in XORA-managed custodial wallets, and withdrawals are intended to settle from the treasury to a user-specified destination.", "yield_source": "XORA states that the current native XRP yield is funded by a finite treasury subsidy during bootstrap. Its current materials present XRPL AMM liquidity provision and XRPL-native lending as later transition stages rather than established current sources, and separately describe an estimated XORA token reward-value component.", "risk_notes": "Risks include custodial and operational exposure, finite subsidy sustainability, variable rates, non-traded token reward valuation, security/compliance withdrawal holds, and unresolved legal-entity/ownership treatment. The documented claimant dispute is a historical incident signal but does not establish platform-wide withdrawal suspension, fraud, insolvency or permanent customer loss." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000102", "product_name": "IZAKA-YA Lending", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "advertised_yield_range": "Normal public surface up to 12% APY; temporary 2026 campaigns advertised 33%, 100%, 500%, 1000% APR-equivalent rewards, and an August transfer-linked campaign described as effectively 150% annualized, subject to term, eligibility, and reward-cap conditions.", "lockup_or_withdrawal_terms": "Public lending flows allow selection of lending amount and period and state that principal plus interest return to the IZAKA-YA wallet after the lock period. Campaign-specific conditions may require completing a term or additional eligibility steps to receive promotional rewards.", "custody_or_counterparty_model": "Account-based IZAKA-YA wallet using provider-operated service infrastructure; reviewed public sources do not fully resolve the exact lending counterparty, legal ownership transfer, service-independent recovery path, asset deployment, or rehypothecation mechanics.", "source_ids": [ "cya_src_b61_0001", "cya_src_b61_0003", "cya_src_b61_0004", "cya_src_b61_0006", "cya_src_b61_0007", "cya_src_b61_0008", "cya_src_b61_0009", "cya_src_b61_0011", "cya_src_b61_0012" ], "last_verified_at": "2026-08-23", "confidence": "medium", "notes": "Headline promotional annualized rates are issuer-advertised campaign formulas and are not treated as verified realized customer returns. A current first-party lending article explicitly warns that crypto-lending principal is not guaranteed." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000103", "product_type": "exchange_earn", "product_name": "BTCC Earn", "custody_model": "Current BTCC support describes subscription from assets held in the BTCC wallet/account and redemption or maturity credit back to that wallet. The reviewed public product sources do not establish a segregated bank-deposit, trust, insurance, or bankruptcy-remote structure for Earn assets.", "yield_source": "BTCC publishes product-specific APY figures for Flexible and Fixed Earn, but the reviewed public sources do not establish one universal underlying yield source for all Earn returns. The current product surface explicitly warns that annualized returns are not actual or guaranteed returns.", "risk_notes": "Risks include centralized-platform exposure, variable advertised yields, fixed-term lockups, loss of fixed-term interest on early redemption, high-frequency subscribe/redeem risk-control restrictions, changing product eligibility and jurisdiction restrictions. Headline 20% and 300% APY figures are issuer-advertised terms rather than independently verified realized returns." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000104", "product_type": "staking_like_yield", "product_name": "JBank Staking", "custody_model": "JBank describes itself as decentralized and self-custodial, with users interacting through on-chain protocol mechanics rather than depositing into a conventional bank account. However, the 4 December 2025 International Version notice says affected long-term staked assets are transferred into that system for management, so CYA does not infer unrestricted user control or a simple customer-owned custody model for assets while they are staked or being released.", "yield_source": "JBank/project material describes an Olympus DAO-inspired algorithmic staking model around JUB, Protocol Owned Liquidity, range stabilization and auto-compounding rewards. These are protocol/issuer descriptions of token and treasury mechanics; CYA does not treat advertised APY or the phrase guaranteed returns as independently verified cash yield or principal protection.", "risk_notes": "Risks include smart-contract/protocol risk, JUB/JUC token-price and token-identity uncertainty, long-term lockups, changing protocol rules, performance-based unlocking conditions, suspension of static returns during the International Version waiting/unlocking period, and unresolved evidence about whether all affected positions completed release." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000105", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Smart Crypto Lending", "custody_model": "The terms describe a crypto consumption-loan contract: the customer sends crypto to a company-designated wallet and the company becomes the borrower for the agreed term. After maturity, principal plus same-asset interest is held in the customer's service wallet until withdrawal. The terms state that the transaction is not a deposit, is not deposit-insured, the borrowed crypto is not subject to statutory segregated management under the cited exchange-business framework, and the lending is unsecured. The website's cold-wallet and security statements are issuer claims and are not treated as bankruptcy-remoteness or reserve proof.", "yield_source": "The current website says the company deploys assets across multiple crypto investment destinations, including domestic BTC strategies, overseas crypto funds and USDT/FX-related strategies, with portfolio diversification and monitoring. These are issuer descriptions of asset deployment and are not independently verified sources of realized return.", "risk_notes": "Published terms use fixed 1/3/6/12-month periods and generally do not allow mid-term cancellation. Rates may be changed under the terms. After maturity, withdrawal is requested and the terms state a seven-business-day return process, but also enumerate circumstances in which withdrawal can be delayed or refused. The contract is unsecured, not deposit-insured and not subject to the cited statutory segregated-management regime; counterparty failure, market, liquidity, operational, legal and asset-price risks remain with the customer." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000106", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "BitLending", "custody_model": "First-party materials describe an individual crypto lending / consumption-loan contract with 株式会社J-CAM. A contract is formed when the customer sends an eligible crypto asset to the company-designated wallet and required conditions are met; the company then owes same-type/same-quantity crypto on return. This is counterparty lending exposure rather than a claim that the customer's original coins remain segregated. Public security and wallet-control descriptions are issuer claims and are not treated as bankruptcy-remoteness or reserve proof.", "yield_source": "The current BitLending website says customer crypto is deployed through the company's crypto investment operations and external investment relationships / portfolio construction, with resulting revenue shared through lending fees. CYA records those asset-deployment descriptions only as issuer claims and does not independently verify the investment counterparties, portfolio composition or realized returns.", "risk_notes": "Current terms generally prevent return requests during the first 30 days of an individual contract. After a valid request, the company states that same-type/same-quantity crypto is normally returned within seven business days, while the terms permit postponement when concentrated return requests or similar conditions make timely return difficult and permit rejection in specified compliance/operational cases. Lending-fee rates and lending conditions can change. Current APYs and security/risk-management statements are not principal guarantees, reserve proof or solvency evidence." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000107", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "HashHub Lending", "custody_model": "First-party materials characterize HashHub Lending as a crypto-asset (quasi-)consumption-loan arrangement in which customers lend crypto to the operating company and the borrower owes return of principal-equivalent crypto quantity plus lending fees under the contract. CYA therefore records borrower-counterparty exposure rather than segregated customer custody. The operator's legal characterization is a source claim and is not independent legal advice about insolvency priority or title.", "yield_source": "Current first-party materials say borrowed customer crypto may be deployed using arbitrage, lending to third parties, staking and DeFi, with lending fees paid under the service conditions. CYA records those deployment descriptions only as issuer claims and does not independently verify counterparties, strategy allocation, realized returns or risk controls.", "risk_notes": "Current first-party return guidance requires a return application; the lending period continues through the end of the following month and return is then stated to occur within five business days, with asset-specific return fees. Lending-fee rates may change. DAI new lending intake ended on 2026-05-20 and DAI lending-fee accrual stopped from 2026-07-01. Published rates, security/risk-management language and continued operation are not principal guarantees, reserve proof or solvency evidence." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000108", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Coincheck 貸暗号資産サービス", "custody_model": "Current first-party materials define the product as a crypto-asset consumption-loan contract in which customers lend crypto to Coincheck for a fixed term. Coincheck expressly states that assets borrowed under this lending product are not subject to the segregated-management framework applicable to its crypto-asset exchange business, the lending contract is unsecured, and the service is not a deposit or deposit-insurance product. CYA therefore records borrower-counterparty exposure rather than segregated customer custody.", "yield_source": "Current first-party materials describe a contractual usage fee paid by Coincheck at maturity based on the lent crypto quantity, term and applicable annualized rate. The reviewed sources do not establish a separately verified underlying investment strategy or realized-return source, so CYA records only Coincheck's contractual payment obligation and published terms.", "risk_notes": "Current product terms include fixed lending periods, Coincheck approval and borrowing-capacity limits. During an active loan, the borrowed crypto cannot be sold or sent elsewhere by the customer until the specified period ends or Coincheck returns it. Coincheck warns that lent assets may not be returned if the company fails. Published annualized rates are issuer terms and are not independently verified realized returns or principal guarantees." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000109", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "GMOコイン 貸暗号資産ベーシック", "custody_model": "Current first-party materials characterize Basic as a crypto-asset consumption-loan arrangement in which customers lend crypto assets to GMO Coin for a fixed course. GMO Coin states that this lending transaction is not a crypto-asset exchange transaction and that borrowed assets are not subject to the segregated-management requirements applicable to its exchange business. CYA therefore records borrower-counterparty exposure rather than segregated customer custody.", "yield_source": "Current first-party materials describe a contractual lending fee paid according to the lent asset, quantity, lending period and applicable course. The reviewed sources do not establish a separately verified underlying investment strategy or realized-return source, so CYA records only the contractual fee terms and does not infer how GMO Coin economically funds them.", "risk_notes": "Current terms provide asset/course-specific fixed lending periods and recruitment capacity. Loaned assets are unavailable for normal sale/withdrawal during the term; early termination may forfeit the lending fee and may involve a termination fee. GMO Coin warns that lent assets may not be returned if the company fails. Current rates, recruitment availability and capacity can change and are not principal guarantees." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000110", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "PBR LENDING", "custody_model": "Current first-party Terms characterize PBR LENDING as a crypto-asset consumption-loan arrangement in which customers lend assets to Portobello Road株式会社. The Terms state that borrowed assets are outside statutory segregated-management treatment for crypto-asset exchange business. They also describe operational separation from company assets but explicitly do not promise legally complete trust protection, and state that customer claims are general claims in insolvency. CYA therefore records borrower-counterparty exposure rather than protected exchange custody.", "yield_source": "Portobello Road states that borrowed crypto is used in crypto-market operations and/or business investments and that part of the resulting revenue funds contractual customer interest. CYA records this as the operator's stated yield model; the reviewed sources do not independently verify investment performance, reserves, profitability or the economic source of every interest payment.", "risk_notes": "Current plans include Regular Lending with a shorter initial lock and Premium Lending with a longer fixed lock. Current first-party disclosures identify counterparty, liquidity, system and regulatory risks and state that asset return can become difficult or impossible if the company or its lending/investment counterparties fail. Advertised rates, campaigns, supported assets and return procedures can change." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000111", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "FUELHASH CRYPTOLENDING / CRYPTOTREND", "custody_model": "Current first-party Terms define a direct lending contract in which the user lends eligible crypto assets/tokens to 株式会社FUELHASH and FUELHASH owes return of the same type and quantity plus contractual interest. The Terms state that the service is not crypto-asset exchange business and that the exchange-business segregated-management obligations described there do not apply. CYA therefore records borrower-counterparty exposure during the lending contract rather than protected exchange custody or a deposit-insurance structure.", "yield_source": "The exact economic source of contractual interest is not established by the reviewed public Terms and product pages with sufficient specificity for an independent CYA conclusion. CYA does not infer a yield source from marketing language, partnerships or headline rates.", "risk_notes": "Current Terms distinguish flexible lending and fixed lending. Fixed lending includes the fixed-rate CRYPTOLENDING product and variable-rate CRYPTOTREND, is generally non-cancellable during the lending period, and returns principal plus interest to the flexible-lending balance at maturity under the published mechanics. The Terms expressly warn that FUELHASH failure can make return of borrowed assets impossible. Current marketing claims of principal guarantee or stable operation do not override that contractual risk disclosure and are not treated as independent guarantees." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000112", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "SBI VC Trade 貸コイン", "custody_model": "Current first-party materials characterize 貸コイン as a consumption-loan transaction in which customers lend eligible crypto assets or electronic payment instruments to SBI VCトレード株式会社. A product-specific Flare disclosure states that lent assets are outside the exchange-custody segregated-management treatment described there, may be rel lent by SBI VC Trade, and are exposed to unsecured borrower/counterparty risk. CYA records borrower-counterparty exposure rather than protected exchange custody.", "yield_source": "The reviewed public product materials establish contractual lending fees but do not establish the economic source of every lending-fee payment with sufficient specificity for an independent CYA conclusion. No yield source is inferred from the operator's exchange business, campaigns or headline rates.", "risk_notes": "Current public materials state that the product cannot be cancelled mid-term after the applicable cutoff or contract formation and identify return risk because lent assets are managed as SBI VC Trade assets. A Flare-specific disclosure states that insolvency can cause partial or total non-return and that the loan is unsecured. Product-specific terms vary and must not be generalized verbatim across all current courses." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000113", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "LINE BITMAX 暗号資産貸出サービス", "custody_model": "The reviewed first-party materials describe a lending arrangement in which users lend crypto assets to BITMAX and receive contractual lending fees. CYA records borrower/counterparty exposure during the lending contract and does not infer exchange-custody protection, insurance or guaranteed principal from the surrounding exchange service.", "yield_source": "The reviewed public materials establish contractual lending fees but do not establish an independently verified economic source for every lending-fee payment. Launch campaigns and later published lending rates remain issuer product terms rather than verified realized returns.", "risk_notes": "Later first-party help material documents variable-period and fixed-period courses. Fixed-period lending generally could not be cancelled during the term under the published mechanics. The LINE BITMAX shutdown plan states lending applications were stopped and existing contracts would be ended sequentially; CYA does not invent one universal lending-contract end date or treat shutdown asset-return procedures as proof of universal historical lending performance." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000114", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "bitbank 暗号資産を貸して増やす", "custody_model": "The reviewed first-party materials describe a lending arrangement in which users lend crypto assets to bitbank and receive a contractual usage/lending fee. First-party ETHW fork guidance distinguishes assets lent through this service from the segregated-management balance used for ordinary exchange custody in that context. CYA therefore records borrower/counterparty exposure during the lending contract and does not infer segregated custody, insurance, or guaranteed principal for lent balances.", "yield_source": "The reviewed public materials establish contractual usage/lending fees but do not establish an independently verified economic source for every fee payment. Published rates remain issuer product terms rather than verified realized returns.", "risk_notes": "Current first-party support documents a standard one-year maturity and return of the lent crypto plus the prescribed usage/lending fee after maturity. Early termination is available through support subject to an early-termination fee. Current mechanics do not prove universal historical repayment performance." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000115", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "BITPOINT 貸して増やす", "custody_model": "The reviewed first-party materials describe a consumption-loan contract in which customers lend crypto assets to BITPOINT. BITPOINT explicitly states that assets lent through this service are not subject to statutory segregated management under the Payment Services Act. CYA therefore records lending counterparty exposure and does not infer exchange-custody protection, deposit insurance, insurance, or guaranteed principal for lent balances.", "yield_source": "The reviewed public materials establish contractual lending fees paid under offering-specific terms but do not independently verify the economic source or realized performance of every lending-fee payment. Published rates remain issuer product terms.", "risk_notes": "Current service details state lending periods and fee rates are fixed per offering, equivalent crypto plus the lending fee are returned after the lending period, and mid-term cancellation is unavailable. BITPOINT states the product is not deposit-like and is not covered by deposit insurance." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000116", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "BitTrade 貸暗号資産", "custody_model": "The reviewed first-party materials describe an unsecured consumption-loan contract. BitTrade explicitly states that lent assets are not subject to statutory segregated management and that customers have no priority repayment right over other creditors. CYA therefore records borrower/counterparty exposure and does not infer exchange-custody protection, deposit insurance, insurance, or guaranteed principal for lent balances.", "yield_source": "The reviewed public materials establish contractual lending fees under offering-specific terms but do not independently verify the economic source or realized performance of every fee payment. Published rates remain issuer product terms.", "risk_notes": "Lent crypto is locked after application, individual contracts are in principle not cancellable mid-term, and BitTrade warns that lent crypto may not be returned if BitTrade fails. The service is not deposit-like and is not covered by deposit insurance." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000117", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "OKJ 貸暗号資産", "custody_model": "The reviewed first-party materials describe a crypto-asset consumption-loan arrangement. OKJ explicitly states that lent assets are not subject to statutory segregated management. CYA therefore records borrower/counterparty exposure during the lending period and does not infer exchange-custody protection, deposit insurance, insurance, or guaranteed principal for lent balances.", "yield_source": "The reviewed public materials establish contractual lending fees under offering-specific rates and terms, but do not independently verify the economic source or realized performance of every fee payment. Published rates remain issuer product terms.", "risk_notes": "The product is not a deposit or deposit-like product and is not covered by deposit insurance. OKJ warns that lent crypto may not be returned if the company fails. Early cancellation is available, but no lending fee is paid on early cancellation and return follows the offering-specific return schedule." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000118", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "CoinTrade Lending", "custody_model": "The reviewed first-party materials establish a fixed-term lending arrangement but do not provide sufficient product-specific authority in this review pass to generalize ordinary CoinTrade exchange custody or segregation protections to lent balances. CYA therefore records the lending counterparty exposure conservatively and makes no claim of segregated custody, deposit insurance, insurance, or guaranteed principal for lent assets.", "yield_source": "CoinTrade publishes season-specific lending rewards for assets lent for fixed periods. Those published reward rates are issuer product terms and are not independently verified realized returns or evidence of the operator's underlying economic performance.", "risk_notes": "Mid-term cancellation is in principle unavailable. If CoinTrade approves an exception, no lending reward is paid and a cancellation fee equal to 10% of the application quantity applies. Product-specific custody/segregation treatment remains bounded to what dedicated lending terms explicitly support." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000119", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "HashKey Japan 貸暗号資産", "custody_model": "Customers lend crypto assets to the operator under a consumption-loan arrangement. The current page states borrowed assets are operated within HashKey Group. CYA does not infer segregated custody, insurance, reserve backing or bankruptcy isolation from that operator statement.", "yield_source": "HashKey Japan publishes contract-specific lending-fee rates and states borrowed assets are operated within HashKey Group. Published rates and deployment descriptions are issuer terms/claims, not independently verified realized returns or proof of underlying investment performance.", "risk_notes": "Lending periods are contract-specific, up to 100 days on the current public page, and mid-term cancellation is unavailable in principle. The service is explicitly not a deposit or deposit-insurance product." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000120", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "bitFlyer 定期貸しコイン", "custody_model": "The reviewed first-party lending materials establish a fixed-period lending arrangement but do not provide sufficient product-specific authority to characterize lent balances as segregated, insured, trust-protected, or otherwise isolated from bitFlyer counterparty exposure. CYA therefore does not generalize ordinary exchange custody protections to lent assets.", "yield_source": "bitFlyer publishes round-specific contractual lending fees for eligible assets lent for fixed periods. Published annualized rates are issuer product terms and are not independently verified realized returns or evidence of the operator's underlying economic performance.", "risk_notes": "Customer-requested mid-term cancellation is unavailable under the current FAQ. Original launch date, lending-specific insolvency treatment, segregation and principal protection remain unresolved unless stronger dedicated first-party authority is reviewed." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000121", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "BitMEX EARN", "custody_model": "Reviewed first-party launch and product notices establish a fixed-term yield product but do not provide sufficient dedicated authority to characterize EARN balances as segregated, insured, trust-protected or otherwise insulated from BitMEX counterparty exposure. Historical insurance-fund backing language is preserved only as an operator claim.", "yield_source": "BitMEX published fixed-term EARN products with contractual interest. Published APRs are issuer product terms and are not independently verified realized returns or evidence of underlying economic performance.", "risk_notes": "Current operational status is unresolved. Contractual principal-plus-interest at maturity does not establish universal historical repayment performance, and ordinary exchange custody protections are not generalized to EARN balances." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000122", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "CoinDCX Earn", "custody_model": "Current first-party help material states users authorize CoinDCX to deploy supported assets on their behalf. Reviewed materials do not establish one universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-priority model across current Earn and legacy DCX Lend.", "yield_source": "Current CoinDCX material describes multiple yield-generating sources including margin trading and staking. Published or displayed rates remain variable issuer terms and are not independently verified realized returns.", "risk_notes": "Current terms disclose minimum holding periods, possible no-earnings treatment on early exit, product-change or suspension discretion, and risk of partial or complete loss of deployed assets." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000123", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "CoinSwitch EARN", "custody_model": "Current terms identify Bitcipher Labs LLP as provider and describe participation through third-party validators. Reviewed material does not establish one universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-priority model across all assets and validators.", "yield_source": "Proof-of-stake validation rewards generated through supported blockchain validators. CoinSwitch states user crypto is not lent or loaned to third parties.", "risk_notes": "Validator and protocol risks apply; advertised reward ranges are product terms rather than verified realized returns." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000124", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Mudrex Earn", "custody_model": "Reviewed first-party material describes Earn participation from assets held in the user's Mudrex account. It does not establish one universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-priority model for all supported assets.", "yield_source": "Mudrex describes staking-oriented rewards for supported assets and later educational material also discusses lending activities. Yield source must therefore remain product/asset-specific rather than generalized.", "risk_notes": "Advertised or displayed yields are product terms, not verified realized returns or guarantees. Product mechanics and counterparty exposure may differ by supported asset." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000125", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Kinza Finance Money Market", "custody_model": "Non-custodial smart-contract lending protocol. First-party documentation describes user-supplied assets being deposited into protocol markets and made available to borrowers, with protected-collateral options for isolated deposits.", "yield_source": "Interest paid by borrowers to suppliers in Kinza lending markets, subject to protocol utilization and market parameters.", "risk_notes": "As of 2026-08-23 new supply and borrowing are restricted while repay and withdraw remain open. This record does not infer insolvency, loss, or a withdrawal freeze." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000126", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "ZebPay Earn", "custody_model": "Reviewed first-party material documents fixed-term participation through ZebPay Earn but does not establish one universal legal-title, segregation, trust or insolvency-priority model for Earn balances.", "yield_source": "ZebPay presents fixed-term crypto earning products; reviewed materials do not establish one universal underlying yield source across all supported assets and terms.", "risk_notes": "Advertised annualized earning percentages are issuer product terms, not verified realized returns or guarantees. Early exit forfeits earnings under the reviewed FAQ." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000127", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Smart Lending", "custody_model": "First-party terms state that ownership of lent crypto transfers to Smart Lending Co., Ltd.; the exposure is unsecured and lent assets are outside statutory segregated management.", "yield_source": "Smart Lending states that funds are invested through selected domestic and overseas funds; this is an operator claim and not independently verified evidence of yield sustainability.", "risk_notes": "Current materials state ordinary 30-day lending at principle 11% annualized and premium 365-day lending at principle 13% annualized. These are issuer product terms, not verified realized returns or guarantees." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000128", "product_type": "structured_yield", "product_name": "NUSD / sNUSD", "custody_model": "Protocol-based synthetic-dollar and staked-yield structure backed by protocol reserve and strategy positions; exact holder legal claim characterization remains source-specific.", "yield_source": "Neutrl describes returns as generated through market-neutral and trading strategies including arbitrage, funding-rate inefficiencies, hedging and strategy positions. The August 2026 incident demonstrates that some positions can become illiquid; realized recovery is not assumed.", "risk_notes": "Minting and redemptions were paused in August 2026. Neutrl later reported approximately USD 27 million in liquid assets while other strategy positions remained illiquid and their recoverable value and timing were unresolved." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000129", "product_type": "defi_lending_market", "product_name": "mFlowWFLOW lending market", "networks": [ "Flow EVM" ], "contract_addresses": [], "custody_model": "Non-custodial smart-contract lending market on Flow EVM.", "yield_source": "Supplier yield is generated from borrower interest and protocol lending-market activity; realized returns depend on market utilization and protocol risk.", "risk_notes": "The 2026-08-31 incident affected the mFlowWFLOW reserve. Blockaid linked the exploit path to an Ankr bonded liquid-staking token and E-Mode configuration, but final root cause, bad debt and lender loss remained under investigation." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000130", "product_type": "defi_lending_market", "product_name": "Tectonic lending markets", "networks": [ "Cronos" ], "contract_addresses": [], "custody_model": "Non-custodial smart-contract-based lending protocol on Cronos; assets are supplied to protocol markets rather than held in a conventional centralized interest account.", "yield_source": "Borrower interest and protocol lending-market economics on Cronos.", "risk_notes": "The August 2026 incident was reported to involve manipulation of TONIC's price followed by borrowing against inflated collateral. Final technical root cause and loss allocation remained unresolved as of this record." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000001", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Celsius Earn", "custody_model": "custodial", "yield_source": "platform-managed lending and yield activities", "risk_notes": "Earn account treatment became central to the Celsius bankruptcy customer-outcome and terms-risk analysis." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000001", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Celsius Borrow", "custody_model": "custodial_collateral", "yield_source": "secured borrowing and collateralized lending activity", "risk_notes": "Borrow-related claims and collateral treatment may differ from Earn claims." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000002", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "BlockFi Interest Account", "custody_model": "custodial", "yield_source": "platform-managed lending activity", "risk_notes": "Product was subject to regulatory action before BlockFi's later bankruptcy." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000002", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "BlockFi loans", "custody_model": "custodial_collateral", "yield_source": "secured crypto lending", "risk_notes": "Borrower and collateral treatment may differ from interest account outcomes." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000003", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Voyager rewards program", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "platform-managed rewards and lending-related activity", "risk_notes": "Rewards and yield-like balances were affected by the platform suspension and bankruptcy process." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000003", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Voyager lending exposure", "custody_model": "platform_counterparty_exposure", "yield_source": "counterparty lending and platform treasury activity", "risk_notes": "Three Arrows Capital exposure was a key failure-chain factor." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000004", "product_type": "institutional_lending", "product_name": "Genesis lending business", "custody_model": "institutional_counterparty_lending", "yield_source": "institutional lending and counterparty credit activity", "risk_notes": "Genesis lending exposure and redemption halt affected creditors and Gemini Earn users." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000004", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Gemini Earn linked Genesis lending exposure", "custody_model": "custodial_program_linked_to_genesis_lending", "yield_source": "assets lent through Genesis-linked Earn arrangements", "risk_notes": "Gemini Earn was not itself Genesis, but Genesis was central to the customer outcome." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000005", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Hodlnaut interest account", "custody_model": "custodial", "yield_source": "platform-managed lending and yield activity", "risk_notes": "Depositors were affected by the withdrawal halt, judicial management, and liquidation path." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000005", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Hodlnaut fixed-term/open-term yield products", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "centralized yield activity", "risk_notes": "Exact recovery and product treatment require liquidator-source review." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000006", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "Vauld yield account", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "platform-managed lending and yield activity", "risk_notes": "Customer balances were affected by the July 2022 halt and restructuring process." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000006", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "Vauld borrow/lend services", "custody_model": "custodial_collateral_and_platform_credit", "yield_source": "centralized lending activity", "risk_notes": "Borrow/lend users may have different claim treatment from passive yield customers." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000007", "product_type": "centralized_yield", "product_name": "Haru Earn products", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "platform-managed yield strategies and service-provider exposure", "risk_notes": "Customer balances were affected by the June 2023 suspension and later legal process." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000007", "product_type": "structured_yield", "product_name": "Haru higher-yield products", "custody_model": "custodial_platform_account", "yield_source": "managed yield strategies", "risk_notes": "Product-level risk requires deeper official or administrator source review." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000008", "product_type": "interest_account", "product_name": "CoinLoan interest account", "custody_model": "custodial", "yield_source": "platform-managed lending activity", "risk_notes": "Customer balances became bankruptcy claims after CoinLoan OÜ was declared bankrupt; final recovery remains dependent on creditor class and estate distributions." }, { "platform_id": "cya_plat_000008", "product_type": "borrow_lend_platform", "product_name": "CoinLoan loans", "custody_model": "custodial_collateral", "yield_source": "secured crypto lending", "risk_notes": "Loan, collateral and depositor claims may receive different treatment; the reviewed court notices do not establish one universal ownership rule." } ] }