{ "schema_version": "1.2.0", "data_schema_version": "cya_registry_public_data_v2", "project_id": "crypto-yield-archive", "dataset": "platforms", "canonical_origin": "https://cya.badjoke-lab.com", "canonical_only": true, "generated_at": "2026-08-31T16:44:22.893Z", "build": { "commit": "1556a9022d96de62d086007ed7346d1eeaaf89d2", "branch": "main", "generated_at": "2026-08-31T16:44:22.893Z", "verification_marker": "cya_machine_readable_layer_v2" }, "record_count": 130, "records": [ { "id": "cya_plat_000009", "slug": "babel-finance", "canonical_name": "Babel Finance", "aliases": [ "Babel", "Babel Finance Group", "Babel Holding Limited", "Moonalpha Financial Service Limited", "Babel Asia Asset Management Private Limited" ], "type": "institutional_lending", "status": "restructuring", "failure_reason": "liquidity_crisis", "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Hong Kong / Singapore", "summary": "Institutional crypto lender that suspended redemptions and withdrawals on 17 June 2022, sought Singapore High Court moratorium protection in March 2023, and proceeded through a court-supervised scheme-of-arrangement process.", "what_happened": "Babel Finance served institutional and high-net-worth clients through crypto lending, asset-management and prime-finance products. It suspended redemptions and withdrawals on 17 June 2022 while citing unusual liquidity pressures. After preliminary debt negotiations, five affiliated entities applied for Singapore moratorium protection on 6 March 2023. The High Court extended the moratoria on 17 April 2023, and on 24 November 2023 granted Babel Holding Limited leave to convene a creditors' meeting for a proposed scheme of arrangement. No reviewed authoritative source establishes completed restructuring, restored normal withdrawals or a final universal creditor recovery rate.", "official_url_original": "https://babel.finance/", "official_domain_original": "babel.finance", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://babel.finance/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2018 launch date remains approximate. Singapore court judgments establish the moratorium and scheme-meeting stages, but the reviewed record does not establish final scheme sanction, completed distributions, normal service restoration or one recovery percentage for all claim classes.", "notes": "Existing seed record upgraded with first-party moratorium materials and Singapore High Court judgments." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000010", "slug": "nexo", "canonical_name": "Nexo", "aliases": [ "Nexo Capital Inc.", "Nexo Services" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Europe / Global", "summary": "Crypto lending and yield platform that remained active while discontinuing or changing some products in response to U.S. regulatory action, including a 2023 SEC settlement over its Earn Interest Product and a later U.S. relaunch through partner structures.", "what_happened": "Nexo did not collapse like several 2022 lenders, but its Earn product and U.S. operations became a regulatory event. The record is included to contrast surviving platforms with failed or restructured yield platforms.", "official_url_original": "https://nexo.com/", "official_domain_original": "nexo.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://nexo.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-05", "uncertainty_notes": "Product availability and jurisdictional status changed over time. This record should track regulatory and market-entry events separately from platform survival.", "notes": "Added in fourth seed batch as an active comparator record." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000011", "slug": "ledn", "canonical_name": "Ledn", "aliases": [ "Ledn Inc." ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Canada / Global", "summary": "Crypto lending platform focused on bitcoin-backed loans and yield or savings products, included as an active comparator for lending platforms that survived the 2022 credit crisis.", "what_happened": "Ledn continued operating while emphasizing collateralized lending and reserve-style transparency. It is tracked as an active lender rather than a failure case.", "official_url_original": "https://ledn.io/", "official_domain_original": "ledn.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://ledn.io/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-05", "uncertainty_notes": "Active-product details and reserve or attestation sources should be reviewed periodically because offerings may vary by jurisdiction.", "notes": "Added in fourth seed batch as an active comparator record." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000012", "slug": "blockfills", "canonical_name": "BlockFills", "aliases": [ "BlockFills Inc.", "BlockFills Crypto Lending" ], "type": "institutional_lending", "status": "restructuring", "failure_reason": "liquidity_crisis", "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "United States", "summary": "Chicago-based institutional crypto liquidity, trading, and lending firm that suspended client deposits and withdrawals in February 2026 and was later reported to be preparing for restructuring after loan losses, mining-related losses, and accounting problems.", "what_happened": "BlockFills paused client deposits and withdrawals in early February 2026 while allowing some spot and derivatives trading to continue. Reuters and the Financial Times reported the liquidity halt, and the Financial Times later reported that the firm had hired restructuring advisers and was facing a customer lawsuit. The case remains ongoing, with final client recovery unresolved.", "official_url_original": "https://www.blockfills.com/", "official_domain_original": "blockfills.com", "official_url_status": "live_unverified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.blockfills.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The withdrawal suspension and reported restructuring are established, but final legal status, claim treatment, and aggregate customer recovery remain unresolved.", "notes": "Existing BlockFills record updated with verified February and March 2026 reporting." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000013", "slug": "abra", "canonical_name": "Abra", "aliases": [ "Abra App", "Plutus Financial", "Plutus Lending", "Abra Trade", "Abra Earn", "Abra Interest", "Abra Boost" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "limited", "failure_reason": "regulatory_action", "launch_date": "2014-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "United States / Global", "summary": "U.S.-founded digital-asset platform whose historical Abra Earn and Abra Boost interest accounts deployed customer crypto through institutional and DeFi lending before the U.S. yield products were wound down amid state and federal regulatory actions; Abra continues as a private-client and institutional business.", "what_happened": "Abra operated trading, account, and yield products through related entities including Plutus Financial and Plutus Lending. It began offering Abra Earn to U.S. retail investors around July 2020, using customer crypto for institutional lending, DeFi lending, and other revenue-generating strategies. Abra stopped selling new Abra Earn accounts around October 2022 and offered Abra Boost to accredited investors. On 14 June 2023, Earn and Boost balances were converted into non-interest-bearing Abra Trade accounts, yield generation ended, and U.S. customers were asked to withdraw. State settlements later established procedures for returning remaining assets, and the SEC filed settled registration charges in August 2024. The former U.S. retail yield business is closed, while the Abra brand remains active for private and institutional clients.", "official_url_original": "https://www.abra.com/", "official_domain_original": "abra.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.abra.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The platform launch year is approximate. Abra is not a simple bankruptcy or full-company shutdown case: U.S. retail Earn and Boost ended, customer returns proceeded through withdrawals and state settlement processes, and separate private and institutional business lines continue. Reviewed sources did not establish one final date on which every remaining U.S. customer asset had been returned.", "notes": "Existing record strengthened with SEC, Texas, CSBS, archive, product, terms, and customer-outcome evidence after duplicate validation prevented a second Abra entity." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000014", "slug": "gemini-earn", "canonical_name": "Gemini Earn", "aliases": [ "Gemini Earn Program", "Gemini Trust Earn" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2021-02-01", "end_date": "2024-06-01", "country_or_origin": "United States", "summary": "Exchange-linked crypto lending program whose customer assets were lent to Genesis Global Capital. Redemptions were frozen after Genesis halted withdrawals in November 2022, followed by regulatory action and eventual in-kind recovery for Earn customers through the Genesis bankruptcy process.", "what_happened": "Gemini Earn connected retail customers to Genesis lending exposure. After Genesis froze withdrawals, Earn customers were unable to access funds, leading to litigation, regulatory action, a NYDFS settlement, and later in-kind customer recovery through the Genesis bankruptcy process.", "official_url_original": "https://www.gemini.com/earn", "official_domain_original": "gemini.com", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.gemini.com/earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-05", "uncertainty_notes": "Gemini Earn should be read as an exchange-linked lending program, not a standalone lender. The record is separated because its customer outcome and regulatory history are historically significant.", "notes": "Added as event-significant Exchange Earn record." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000015", "slug": "kraken-staking-program", "canonical_name": "Kraken Staking Program", "aliases": [ "Kraken staking", "Kraken staking-as-a-service", "Payward staking program" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "limited", "failure_reason": "regulatory_action", "launch_date": "2019-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "United States / Global", "summary": "Exchange-linked staking-as-a-service program that became a major U.S. regulatory case in 2023, when Kraken agreed to stop offering staking services to U.S. clients and pay a $30 million settlement while non-U.S. and later redesigned staking offerings remained separate.", "what_happened": "Kraken offered staking-as-a-service to customers. In February 2023, the SEC announced a settlement requiring Kraken to stop offering the program to U.S. investors and pay penalties. Kraken later introduced a new staking product for eligible U.S. clients in selected states, making the record a regulatory product-change case rather than a platform collapse.", "official_url_original": "https://www.kraken.com/features/staking-coins", "official_domain_original": "kraken.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.kraken.com/features/staking-coins", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-05", "uncertainty_notes": "This record is about the staking product, not Kraken as an exchange. Jurisdictional eligibility and staking terms changed over time and should be tracked as product events.", "notes": "Added as event-significant Exchange Earn / staking product record." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000016", "slug": "coinbase-staking", "canonical_name": "Coinbase Staking", "aliases": [ "Coinbase staking program", "Coinbase staking services", "Coinbase staking-as-a-service" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": "regulatory_action", "launch_date": "2019-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "United States / Global", "summary": "Exchange-linked staking service that became part of the SEC's 2023 lawsuit against Coinbase. Unlike Kraken's 2023 U.S. staking settlement, Coinbase continued to contest the case while staking remained a product-level regulatory issue rather than a customer insolvency case.", "what_happened": "Coinbase offered staking services through its exchange platform. In 2023, the SEC alleged that Coinbase's staking program involved unregistered securities activity. A federal court later allowed much of the SEC case to proceed, and the SEC moved to dismiss the lawsuit in 2025, making this a regulatory dispute and product-risk record rather than a shutdown or customer-recovery case.", "official_url_original": "https://www.coinbase.com/earn/staking", "official_domain_original": "coinbase.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.coinbase.com/earn/staking", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-05", "uncertainty_notes": "This record is about Coinbase staking services, not Coinbase as a full exchange. Litigation posture and jurisdictional product availability changed over time.", "notes": "Added as event-significant Exchange Earn / staking product record." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000017", "slug": "bitconnect-lending-program", "canonical_name": "BitConnect Lending Program", "aliases": [ "BitConnect", "BCC Lending Program" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "misconduct", "launch_date": "2017-01-01", "end_date": "2018-01-16", "country_or_origin": "United Kingdom / Global", "summary": "High-yield crypto lending program that promised returns through a purported trading bot, shut down in January 2018, and later became the subject of major U.S. civil and criminal fraud actions.", "what_happened": "BitConnect solicited digital-asset deposits into a lending program promising unusually high returns. The program closed in January 2018. The SEC later alleged a fraudulent and unregistered offering, and the U.S. Department of Justice indicted the founder over an alleged global Ponzi scheme.", "official_url_original": "https://bitconnect.co/", "official_domain_original": "bitconnect.co", "official_url_status": "dead_domain", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://bitconnect.co/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-07", "uncertainty_notes": "The shutdown and enforcement history are well documented. Total customer recovery remains incomplete and differs across restitution, forfeiture, and private claim paths.", "notes": "Program-specific record covering BitConnect's lending and yield operation rather than only the BCC token." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000018", "slug": "btcjam", "canonical_name": "BTCJam", "aliases": [ "BTCjam", "BTCJam P2P Lending" ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "voluntary_shutdown", "launch_date": "2012-01-01", "end_date": "2017-05-29", "country_or_origin": "United States / Global", "summary": "Early bitcoin peer-to-peer lending marketplace that connected lenders and borrowers across borders before announcing a controlled shutdown in 2017.", "what_happened": "BTCJam operated a bitcoin-denominated peer-to-peer lending marketplace. In May 2017 it stopped new lending and announced a wind-down, while repayment and withdrawal functionality remained available for existing loans and balances during the closure period.", "official_url_original": "https://btcjam.com/", "official_domain_original": "btcjam.com", "official_url_status": "dead_domain", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://btcjam.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-07", "uncertainty_notes": "The shutdown is documented, but complete loan-level repayment and default outcomes are not available as a consolidated public dataset.", "notes": "Historical early crypto lending record; not a platform-insolvency case." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000019", "slug": "crypto-com-earn", "canonical_name": "Crypto.com Earn", "aliases": [ "Crypto Earn", "Crypto.com Earn Program" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Singapore / Global", "summary": "Exchange-linked crypto yield product offering flexible or fixed-term reward arrangements, included as an active comparator whose rates, eligible assets, limits, and jurisdictional availability change over time.", "what_happened": "Crypto.com Earn remained an available exchange-linked yield product rather than a collapse case. Its historical value to CYA is as a surviving comparator showing how rates, lockup structures, eligibility, and product terms evolve without a platform failure.", "official_url_original": "https://crypto.com/earn", "official_domain_original": "crypto.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://crypto.com/earn", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-07", "uncertainty_notes": "Availability, reward rates, supported assets, account limits, and jurisdictional restrictions can change. The record should not imply identical terms worldwide.", "notes": "Active comparator record; track product-level changes separately from Crypto.com exchange history." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000020", "slug": "nexo-earn-interest-product", "canonical_name": "Nexo Earn Interest Product", "aliases": [ "Nexo Earn", "Nexo EIP", "Nexo Earn Interest" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "limited", "failure_reason": "regulatory_action", "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "United Kingdom / Bulgaria / Global", "summary": "Crypto interest product operated by Nexo that became a major U.S. regulatory case in 2023, when Nexo agreed to stop offering its Earn Interest Product to U.S. investors and pay a $45 million settlement while continuing non-U.S. and later restructured operations separately.", "what_happened": "Nexo offered an Earn Interest Product to customers. In January 2023, the SEC announced that Nexo agreed to cease offering and selling the product to U.S. investors and pay penalties, following Nexo's earlier announcement that it would phase out U.S. products and services. Nexo later returned to the U.S. market with a different structure, so this record tracks the original Earn Interest Product regulatory path rather than a full platform collapse.", "official_url_original": "https://nexo.com/earn-crypto", "official_domain_original": "nexo.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://nexo.com/earn-crypto", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-08", "uncertainty_notes": "This record is product-specific and jurisdiction-specific. It should not be read as a full shutdown of Nexo or as a claim about identical terms across all countries.", "notes": "Added as event-significant CeFi Earn / interest-account regulatory record." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000021", "slug": "anchor-protocol", "canonical_name": "Anchor Protocol", "aliases": [ "Anchor", "Anchor Earn", "Anchor Protocol Earn" ], "type": "defi_lending", "architecture": "defi", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "market_collapse", "launch_date": "2021-03-17", "end_date": "2022-05-12", "country_or_origin": "Terra ecosystem / Global", "summary": "Terra-based lending and savings protocol best known for UST deposits marketed around high stablecoin yields before the May 2022 TerraUSD and LUNA collapse made the product economically nonfunctional.", "what_happened": "Anchor Protocol became the flagship yield venue for TerraUSD deposits. The SEC later described UST as being touted as a yield-bearing stablecoin paying as much as 20 percent interest through Anchor Protocol. When UST depegged in May 2022 and LUNA collapsed, Anchor's core UST yield product effectively ended as a usable savings product, though the protocol and community history remain relevant to the Terra collapse.", "official_url_original": "https://app.anchorprotocol.com/", "official_domain_original": "anchorprotocol.com", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://app.anchorprotocol.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-11", "uncertainty_notes": "Launch date and end date are operational approximations. The record tracks Anchor as a yield product within the Terra ecosystem, not as a conventional custodial CeFi bankruptcy case.", "notes": "Added because Anchor is one of the most important crypto yield-product failures and is directly referenced in SEC Terraform materials." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000022", "slug": "midas-investments", "canonical_name": "Midas Investments", "aliases": [ "Midas", "Midas.Investments", "Midas CeDeFi" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "risk_mismanagement", "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": "2022-12-27", "country_or_origin": "Global", "summary": "CeDeFi yield platform that closed in December 2022 after sustained DeFi portfolio losses, heavy withdrawals during the Celsius and FTX crises, and a disclosed deficit between customer liabilities and remaining assets.", "what_happened": "Midas Investments operated centralized fixed-yield accounts backed by platform-managed CeDeFi and DeFi strategies. Its closure explanation described a roughly $50 million DeFi portfolio loss during spring 2022 and further pressure when users withdrew more than 60% of assets after the Celsius and FTX failures. On 27 December 2022 Midas stopped ordinary platform activity, recalculated customer balances, applied deductions to several major asset balances and historical rewards, and announced token-based compensation while winding down the existing business.", "official_url_original": "https://midas.investments/", "official_domain_original": "midas.investments", "official_url_status": "dead_domain", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://midas.investments/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2018 launch date remains approximate. Midas was not modeled as a court-supervised bankruptcy, and the announced balance adjustment and token compensation do not establish one final market-value recovery percentage for every customer.", "notes": "Existing record strengthened after candidate validation confirmed the platform was already present as cya_plat_000022." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000023", "slug": "freeway", "canonical_name": "Freeway", "aliases": [ "Freeway.io", "AuBit", "AuBit International", "Freeway Superchargers" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "insolvency", "launch_date": "2020-01-01", "end_date": "2023-10-16", "country_or_origin": "Cayman Islands / Seychelles / Global", "summary": "High-yield crypto and fiat rewards platform whose Supercharger products offered returns of up to 43%, halted buy-backs and withdrawals in October 2022 after trading losses, and later entered official liquidation in the Cayman Islands.", "what_happened": "Freeway marketed Supercharger products linked to crypto and fiat assets and advertised unusually high annual rewards. On 23 October 2022 it stopped Supercharger buy-backs and related transactions, initially citing market volatility. It later attributed the halt to a failed trading strategy and substantial losses. AuBit International, the company affiliated with the Freeway platform, was placed into official liquidation in the Cayman Islands in October 2023.", "official_url_original": "https://freeway.io/", "official_domain_original": "freeway.io", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://freeway.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-14", "uncertainty_notes": "The approximate launch date should be refined with an archived first-party launch source. Corporate structure involved multiple AuBit and Freeway entities across jurisdictions; this record follows the customer-facing Freeway platform and the AuBit International liquidation most directly connected to Supercharger holders.", "notes": "Added as a major centralized high-yield platform failure with a documented withdrawal halt and Cayman official liquidation." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000024", "slug": "yield-app", "canonical_name": "Yield App", "aliases": [ "YIELD App", "Yield App Limited", "Yield.app" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2021-02-12", "end_date": "2024-07-01", "country_or_origin": "Seychelles / Global", "summary": "Digital asset wealth and yield platform that suspended all activity in June 2024 and entered insolvent liquidation after losses linked to assets held through third-party hedge fund managers on FTX.", "what_happened": "Yield App publicly launched in February 2021 as a digital asset wealth platform offering yield products. On 28 June 2024 it announced the suspension of all platform activity ahead of liquidation, citing realized portfolio losses through third-party hedge fund managers that had held assets on FTX. Yield App Limited entered insolvent liquidation effective 1 July 2024, with joint liquidators appointed from Cork Gully LLP. In 2025 the liquidators reported an interim creditor distribution and later published Seychelles court guidance on the treatment of extensively commingled customer cryptoassets.", "official_url_original": "https://yield.app/", "official_domain_original": "yield.app", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://yield.app/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The liquidation remains ongoing. Final customer recovery depends on additional asset realization, litigation and claim treatment. The court guidance also leaves a narrow possibility that some assets never swept into pooled wallets may receive different proprietary treatment.", "notes": "Updated with 2025 liquidator distribution reporting and court guidance on commingled cryptoassets." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000025", "slug": "stablegains", "canonical_name": "Stablegains", "aliases": [ "Stable Gains", "Stablegains Inc." ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "market_collapse", "launch_date": "2021-01-01", "end_date": "2022-05-12", "country_or_origin": "United States / Global", "summary": "Centralized yield service that accepted stablecoin deposits and generated returns through exposure to TerraUSD and the Anchor ecosystem before the May 2022 UST collapse made the product economically nonfunctional.", "what_happened": "Stablegains marketed stablecoin yield to customers while relying materially on TerraUSD and Anchor-related yield. When UST lost its dollar peg in May 2022, the underlying strategy collapsed and the customer-facing yield service ceased to function as advertised. The aftermath became a dispute and recovery case rather than a conventional court-supervised platform bankruptcy.", "official_url_original": "https://stablegains.com/", "official_domain_original": "stablegains.com", "official_url_status": "dead_domain", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://stablegains.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-14", "uncertainty_notes": "The launch year is approximate. Public materials clearly establish Stablegains' reliance on TerraUSD-related yield and the May 2022 failure, but product-specific ownership treatment and universal customer recovery remain contested and should not be overstated.", "notes": "Added as a centralized stablecoin-yield failure tied directly to the TerraUSD and Anchor collapse." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000026", "slug": "myconstant", "canonical_name": "MyConstant", "aliases": [ "My Constant", "CONST LLC", "Constant", "ConstantP2P", "MyConstant Loan Matching Service" ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "misconduct", "launch_date": "2019-05-01", "end_date": "2022-11-17", "country_or_origin": "United States / Vietnam / Global", "summary": "Online lending and interest-account platform that pooled customer funds, stopped deposits and withdrawals in November 2022, moved toward an orderly liquidation, and later became the subject of California and SEC enforcement findings concerning unlicensed products, misrepresentations, misuse of investor funds, and TerraUSD losses.", "what_happened": "MyConstant offered a loan-matching service, crypto interest accounts, and fiat interest accounts. California regulators found that the company offered unlicensed loan-brokering and unqualified securities products. The SEC later found that the founder misrepresented the loan strategy, misappropriated part of investor funds, and used at least $11.9 million to purchase TerraUSD, producing major losses after UST collapsed. MyConstant ceased operations and customer withdrawals on 17 November 2022, announced an orderly liquidation, and entered customer litigation and settlement proceedings.", "official_url_original": "https://www.myconstant.com/", "official_domain_original": "myconstant.com", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.myconstant.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-14", "uncertainty_notes": "The May 2019 launch date represents the approximate start of the Loan Matching Service identified by the SEC. Customer recoveries span prior private plan payments, a proposed class-settlement liquidating trust, and possible SEC distributions; no single final recovery percentage should be inferred. A currently resolving domain does not establish that the original lending service resumed operations.", "notes": "Added as a major centralized lending and yield failure with state and federal regulatory findings and an ongoing customer-recovery process." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000027", "slug": "delio", "canonical_name": "Delio", "aliases": [ "Delio Bank", "Delio Global", "HappyDelio", "Delifunding" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "bankrupt", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2018-02-01", "end_date": "2024-11-22", "country_or_origin": "South Korea", "summary": "South Korean crypto savings, lending, and staking platform that suspended customer withdrawals in June 2023 following stress linked to Haru Invest, received a three-month FIU business suspension and monetary penalty, failed to obtain rehabilitation, and was declared bankrupt by the Seoul Bankruptcy Court in November 2024.", "what_happened": "Delio operated centralized crypto deposit, yield, lending, and staking products. It halted withdrawals on 14 June 2023 after Haru Invest suspended services and market and counterparty stress spread through the Korean yield sector. Korean regulators later imposed business-suspension and monetary sanctions. The Seoul Rehabilitation Court rejected rehabilitation applications in April 2024 after finding continued operations and going-concern value too uncertain. On 22 November 2024, the court declared Delio bankrupt, moving the case into liquidation and creditor-claim administration.", "official_url_original": "https://delio.io/", "official_domain_original": "delio.io", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://delio.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-14", "uncertainty_notes": "The February 2018 date reflects the approximate company-establishment period rather than a verified first day of every customer product. Delio discussed phased or limited withdrawal resumptions after the initial halt, but those announcements did not restore normal platform-wide liquidity. Customer ownership treatment, realizable assets, counterparty recoveries, and final distribution rates remain subject to the Korean bankruptcy process.", "notes": "Added as a major South Korean centralized crypto-yield failure with documented withdrawal suspension, regulatory sanctions, failed rehabilitation, and court-declared bankruptcy." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000028", "slug": "linus-financial", "canonical_name": "Linus Financial", "aliases": [ "Linus", "Linus Interest Accounts", "getlinus" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "regulatory_action", "launch_date": "2020-03-19", "end_date": "2022-04-22", "country_or_origin": "United States", "summary": "Nashville-based crypto interest-account provider that accepted U.S. dollar deposits, converted them into USDC, and deployed pooled assets through DeFi liquidity pools and institutional lending before voluntarily closing the product in 2022 and later settling SEC registration charges.", "what_happened": "Linus Financial began offering Linus Interest Accounts in March 2020. Customers deposited U.S. dollars, which Linus converted into USDC and pooled for deployment into DeFi liquidity pools or direct loans to institutional borrowers. After the SEC's BlockFi action, Linus stopped accepting new investors on 25 March 2022, asked existing investors to withdraw by 22 April 2022, stopped paying interest on that date, and ultimately returned all investor funds. In September 2023 the SEC entered a settled cease-and-desist order for the unregistered offer and sale of the product, while declining to impose a civil penalty because of Linus's cooperation and prompt remediation.", "official_url_original": "http://www.getlinus.io/", "official_domain_original": "getlinus.io", "official_url_status": "dead_domain", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.getlinus.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-14", "uncertainty_notes": "The record covers the Linus Interest Accounts product and associated public crypto business. The SEC order describes the public website as inactive and confirms product closure and repayment; it does not establish that every corporate activity of Linus Financial ended on the same date.", "notes": "Added as a regulatory-shutdown comparator with documented full customer repayment rather than insolvency or loss." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000029", "slug": "coinflex", "canonical_name": "CoinFLEX", "aliases": [ "CoinFLEX Exchange", "Coin Futures and Lending Exchange", "CoinfloorEX", "Liquidity Technologies" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "restructuring", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2019-02-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Seychelles / Global", "summary": "Crypto derivatives exchange and yield platform whose flexUSD stablecoin generated returns through the CoinFLEX repo market before withdrawals were suspended in June 2022 following a major counterparty shortfall and the business entered a Seychelles court-approved restructuring.", "what_happened": "CoinfloorEX was spun out and relaunched as CoinFLEX in early 2019. The exchange later added a centrally traded repo market and launched flexUSD, an interest-bearing stablecoin whose backing was deployed into that market. CoinFLEX suspended withdrawals on 23 June 2022, citing extreme market conditions and uncertainty involving a counterparty, then allowed limited withdrawals in July. Liquidity Technologies applied for restructuring in Seychelles and its scheme of arrangement was approved in March 2023. Customer recoveries have involved partial withdrawals, scheme asset allocations and equity claims through a dedicated creditor portal, while related recovery litigation and administration remain ongoing.", "official_url_original": "https://coinflex.com/", "official_domain_original": "coinflex.com", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://coinflex.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The February 2019 launch date uses the first day of the month because the relaunch source identifies only the month. The scheme was approved, but the reviewed sources do not establish a final universal recovery percentage or a completed end to all creditor administration and litigation.", "notes": "Added as an exchange-linked yield and restructuring case. The record focuses on CoinFLEX customer balances, flexUSD and related lending products rather than treating the exchange as a generic trading venue only." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000030", "slug": "zipmex", "canonical_name": "Zipmex", "aliases": [ "Zipmex Group", "Zipmex Pte. Ltd.", "Zipmex Asia Pte. Ltd.", "Zipmex Company Limited", "Zipmex Thailand", "ZipUp", "ZipUp+" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": "2024-05-28", "country_or_origin": "Singapore / Thailand / Indonesia / Australia", "summary": "Southeast Asian crypto exchange and yield platform whose ZipUp and ZipUp+ products deployed customer assets to external lenders including Celsius Network and Babel Finance before withdrawals were suspended in July 2022, restructuring schemes failed, Singapore entities entered winding-up proceedings and Thailand revoked the local exchange and broker licenses.", "what_happened": "Zipmex operated regional cryptocurrency exchanges together with ZipUp and ZipUp+ yield products. On 20 July 2022 it suspended withdrawals. Thailand's SEC subsequently required details of ZipUp customer assets placed through other crypto platforms, especially Celsius Network and Babel Finance, while Zipmex itself confirmed that ZipUp+ funds had been deposited with external lending platforms. Five group entities applied for Singapore moratoria on 22 July 2022. Inter-linked schemes proposed for Zipmex Asia and Zipmex Singapore later failed because the Singapore scheme did not obtain the required approval. The High Court dismissed further moratorium extensions on 11 January 2024, finding no further prospect of restructuring. Zipmex Pte Ltd was wound up on 26 February 2024, Zipmex Asia entered a disputed voluntary winding-up process in May 2024, and the Thai exchange and broker licenses were revoked effective 28 May 2024.", "official_url_original": "https://zipmex.com/", "official_domain_original": "zipmex.com", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://zipmex.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2018 launch date is approximate. The end date uses the effective revocation of the Thai exchange and broker licenses; separate group entities entered winding-up proceedings on different dates. Reviewed sources do not establish one final recovery percentage or completed distribution for every ZipUp, exchange-wallet and entity-level creditor class.", "notes": "Added as an exchange-linked yield, counterparty-exposure and multi-entity liquidation case. The record distinguishes ZipUp yield exposure from ordinary exchange-wallet treatment where the sources permit." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000031", "slug": "cred", "canonical_name": "Cred", "aliases": [ "Cred Inc.", "Cred LLC", "CredEarn", "CredBorrow", "Libra Credit" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "misconduct", "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": "2020-11-07", "country_or_origin": "United States / Global", "summary": "Crypto lending and yield company that suspended customer inflows and outflows in October 2020, filed Chapter 11 in November 2020, and later became the subject of federal wire-fraud convictions involving former executives.", "what_happened": "Cred accepted cryptocurrency through CredEarn and offered crypto-backed borrowing through CredBorrow. Financial stress and undisclosed business problems preceded a late-October 2020 account halt and a 7 November 2020 Chapter 11 filing. A liquidation plan became effective on 19 April 2021. Former executives later pleaded guilty to wire-fraud conspiracy and were sentenced in August 2025. No reviewed source establishes one completed recovery percentage for every customer class.", "official_url_original": "https://mycred.io/", "official_domain_original": "mycred.io", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://mycred.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-18", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2018 launch date is approximate. Plan effectiveness is not repayment completion, and final recovery varies by claim class.", "notes": "Centralized crypto interest-account, bankruptcy and misconduct case." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000032", "slug": "salt-lending", "canonical_name": "SALT Lending", "aliases": [ "SALT", "SALT Lending LLC", "SALT Blockchain Inc.", "SALT Platform" ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2016-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "United States / Global", "summary": "Crypto-backed lending platform that paused withdrawals in November 2022 after the FTX collapse affected its business, resolved a California licensing investigation through a 2024 borrower-refund settlement, and continued offering collateralized loans after license reinstatement.", "what_happened": "SALT offers loans secured by customer cryptocurrency. It paused withdrawals on 15 November 2022 and California suspended its lending license. A December 2024 consent order required borrower refunds, penalties, improved underwriting and disclosure practices, and procedures for closing or refinancing California loans. SALT states that its California license was reinstated effective 15 January 2025, and current first-party materials describe active loan and collateral-withdrawal functions.", "official_url_original": "https://saltlending.com/", "official_domain_original": "saltlending.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://saltlending.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-18", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2016 launch date is year-level. Product availability and licensing vary by jurisdiction. The 2022 pause was not a company-wide bankruptcy.", "notes": "Active-survivor and regulatory comparator; the SALT token offering is tracked separately from borrower-collateral events." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000033", "slug": "donut", "canonical_name": "Donut", "aliases": [ "Donut App", "Donut Savings", "Donut Grow", "Donut Build", "Donut Save" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2019-01-01", "end_date": "2023-03-31", "country_or_origin": "United States", "summary": "Consumer crypto yield app that paused account functions after Genesis suspended redemptions in November 2022, announced discontinuation in February 2023, and removed its mobile app while keeping a web dashboard for account updates.", "what_happened": "Donut offered consumer-facing crypto savings and yield plans and relied on lending counterparties including Genesis Global Capital. After Genesis suspended redemptions on 16 November 2022, Donut account access and withdrawals were affected. Donut announced discontinuation in February 2023 and said the mobile app would be removed by 31 March 2023 while users were moved to a web dashboard. Genesis began creditor distributions in August 2024, but reviewed sources do not establish one completed Donut-specific recovery date or universal recovery percentage.", "official_url_original": "https://www.donut.app/", "official_domain_original": "donut.app", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.donut.app/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2019 launch date is approximate. The 31 March 2023 date is the stated mobile-app removal deadline, while the current site does not publish a separate legal shutdown date. Genesis distributions cannot be treated as proof that every Donut user received the same recovery or that all Donut claims are complete.", "notes": "Tracked separately from Genesis because Donut was the customer-facing yield platform with its own products, interface and communications." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000034", "slug": "finblox", "canonical_name": "Finblox", "aliases": [ "Finblox App", "Finblox Yield", "FBX" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2021-01-01", "end_date": "2025-07-07", "country_or_origin": "Hong Kong / United Kingdom / Global", "summary": "Centralized crypto yield platform that restricted withdrawals and paused rewards in June 2022 while assessing Three Arrows Capital exposure, later restored selected functions, and was reported to have closed services in July 2025.", "what_happened": "Finblox offered custodial crypto yield, wallet and reward products. On 16 June 2022 it imposed severe withdrawal limits and paused rewards while assessing Three Arrows Capital exposure. It increased limits and restored selected rewards in July 2022. DL News later reported that Finblox planned to close services on 7 July 2025 based on company communications. FINBLOX LIMITED was dissolved in the United Kingdom on 3 March 2026. A surviving automated status page still reports systems as operational, so it is not treated as proof that the original customer yield service remains active.", "official_url_original": "https://finblox.com/", "official_domain_original": "finblox.com", "official_url_status": "live_unverified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://finblox.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2021 launch date is year-level. The July 2025 closure date relies on reporting that cited company emails. The relationship between FINBLOX LIMITED and every operating entity or customer contract requires caution. Reviewed sources do not establish one final customer recovery result.", "notes": "The surviving website and status-page artifacts may be stale. They are preserved as URL-history evidence rather than treated as current service confirmation." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000035", "slug": "pillow", "canonical_name": "Pillow", "aliases": [ "Pillow Fund", "Pillow Crypto", "Pillow App" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "voluntary_shutdown", "launch_date": "2021-01-01", "end_date": "2023-07-31", "country_or_origin": "Singapore / India / Global", "summary": "Centralized crypto savings and yield app that stopped interest accrual in June 2023 and closed operations on 31 July 2023 after citing regulatory uncertainty and associated financial-infrastructure constraints.", "what_happened": "Pillow offered a custodial app through which users deposited Bitcoin, Ether and stablecoins to earn advertised yield. On 23 June 2023, Pillow informed users that it would discontinue its services because regulatory uncertainty made continued operation difficult. Interest accrual stopped, bank withdrawals remained available until 7 July, and crypto withdrawals remained available until the scheduled closure on 31 July 2023. The notice said deposits and accrued interest were available for withdrawal, but reviewed sources do not establish that every user completed withdrawal.", "official_url_original": "https://pillow.fund/", "official_domain_original": "pillow.fund", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://pillow.fund/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2021 launch date is year-level. Regulatory uncertainty was the stated reason for the voluntary closure, but no specific enforcement order is treated as the direct cause. The available-withdrawal statement does not establish universal withdrawal completion or a final customer recovery rate.", "notes": "Recorded as a voluntary orderly shutdown rather than an insolvency or loss event." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000036", "slug": "nuri-bitcoin-interest-account", "canonical_name": "Nuri Bitcoin Interest Account", "aliases": [ "Nuri Bitcoin Ertragskonto", "Bitwala Bitcoin Interest Account", "Bitwala Bitcoin Ertragskonto", "Nuri Interest Account" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2021-05-01", "end_date": "2022-12-19", "country_or_origin": "Germany / European Union", "summary": "Bitcoin interest product brokered by Nuri, formerly Bitwala, and provided by Celsius Network; withdrawals and new investments stopped after Celsius froze activity in June 2022, and the Nuri business closed in December 2022.", "what_happened": "Nuri offered a Bitcoin Interest Account to European customers while Celsius Network exclusively provided the underlying interest product and contractual yield relationship. Celsius paused withdrawals in June 2022, which prevented withdrawals and new investments through the Nuri product. Celsius filed Chapter 11 in July 2022. Nuri filed for insolvency in August and discontinued its own services on 19 December 2022. Ordinary Nuri bank balances, custody wallets and self-custodial vaults followed separate treatment and are not used to infer the outcome of the Celsius-linked interest account. Celsius plan distributions began in 2024 and remain individualized and ongoing.", "official_url_original": "https://nuri.com/", "official_domain_original": "nuri.com", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://nuri.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The product launch date is recorded at month-level. The end date uses Nuri's full-service discontinuation date; the interest account had already been frozen since June 2022. Current Nuri and Bitwala brands are successor or reused services and do not represent revival of the historical Celsius-linked product. Individual creditor recovery remains claim-specific.", "notes": "Modeled as a product-scoped customer-facing platform record while preserving Celsius as the underlying provider and contractual counterparty." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000037", "slug": "block-earner-earner-product", "canonical_name": "Block Earner Earner Product", "aliases": [ "Block Earner Earner", "Earner", "USD Earner", "Gold Earner", "Crypto Earner", "Block Earner Lend" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "regulatory_action", "launch_date": "2022-03-17", "end_date": "2022-11-16", "country_or_origin": "Australia", "summary": "Fixed-yield digital-asset product offered by Block Earner from March to November 2022; discontinued after ASIC raised licensing concerns, followed by litigation that culminated in a unanimous 2026 High Court ruling that Earner was a financial product requiring an Australian financial services licence.", "what_happened": "Web3 Ventures Pty Ltd, trading as Block Earner, offered USD Earner, Gold Earner and Crypto Earner products under which customers transferred rights and title to cryptocurrency and received fixed returns. Block Earner ceased offering Earner on 16 November 2022 after ASIC raised concerns and ASIC commenced civil proceedings on 23 November. The Federal Court found in 2024 that Earner required licensing, the Full Federal Court reversed that conclusion in 2025, and the High Court unanimously restored the licensing finding in June 2026. The product had already ended and the 2024 penalty judgment recorded that all cryptocurrency lent through Earner was returned to users within weeks of discontinuation. Block Earner's separate Access product and continuing business are outside this record.", "official_url_original": "https://blockearner.com.au/", "official_domain_original": "blockearner.com.au", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://blockearner.com.au/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The product end date is the documented date on which Block Earner ceased offering Earner. Litigation over penalty relief continued after the High Court liability decision and is not treated as a customer-outcome issue. This record does not classify Block Earner's separate Access product or current services as ended.", "notes": "Product-scoped record maintained separately from the continuing Block Earner entity." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000038", "slug": "flint-money", "canonical_name": "Flint", "aliases": [ "Flint Money", "Flint.money", "Flint Crypto", "Flint App" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "voluntary_shutdown", "launch_date": "2021-10-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "India / Singapore / Global", "summary": "Custodial crypto yield app that deployed customer assets through institutional and DeFi counterparties, later phased out its flagship yield service under regulatory uncertainty and instructed users to unlend and withdraw before Flint Labs pivoted to other products.", "what_happened": "Flint Money offered fixed-yield products on stablecoins and other crypto assets through a custodial app. Flint stated that deposited funds were deployed through institutional borrowers and DeFi protocols. In January 2023, users were instructed to unlend and withdraw as the service was phased out under regulatory uncertainty; Flint stated that principal and accrued interest through the cutoff remained safe and would be returned. Flint Labs later confirmed that Flint Money, its first flagship project, had been closed while the company moved to other products. First-party retrospectives and contemporaneous shutdown reporting do not establish one exact final service-termination date or prove that every user completed withdrawal.", "official_url_original": "https://flint.money/", "official_domain_original": "flint.money", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://flint.money/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The October 2021 launch date is month-level. Flint Labs' retrospective refers to the flagship project being closed in November of the prior year, while withdrawal instructions and external shutdown reporting continued in January 2023. No exact final operational date or universal completed customer recovery was verified.", "notes": "The historical flint.money yield product is not the same as unrelated current products or software using the Flint name." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000039", "slug": "inlock", "canonical_name": "Inlock", "aliases": [ "INLOCK", "Inlock Savings Account", "INLOCK Crypto Savings Account", "Income Locker" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "risk_mismanagement", "launch_date": "2020-09-11", "end_date": "2026-06-30", "country_or_origin": "Hungary / Lithuania / European Union", "summary": "Custodial crypto savings and lending platform that suspended customer-asset services in November 2022 after a failed liquidation process made part of customer assets unavailable, then ran multiple recovery programs before ending all active financial services in June 2026.", "what_happened": "Inlock offered weekly interest through a custodial Savings Account and crypto-backed lending products. On 14 November 2022, it activated an emergency shutdown after a failed liquidation process made a small portion of customer assets unavailable. Inlock later offered migration to Vigiler, discounted exit payouts, scheduled releases and later settlement offers. Recovery outcomes varied by path, asset and customer: some customers accepted deductions, while the scheduled-release cohort later received more than the fixed U.S.-dollar value recorded at the incident date. Inlock completed the recovery-process wind-down and stopped all active customer-asset services on 30 June 2026, leaving the platform in read-only mode until permanent decommissioning.", "official_url_original": "https://inlock.io/", "official_domain_original": "inlock.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://inlock.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "Recovery was not uniform. Exit-payout participants accepted discounts, migration participants followed a separate path, and scheduled-release metrics used fixed incident-date U.S.-dollar values rather than universal in-kind recovery. The 30 June 2026 end date marks termination of active services; read-only access and support continued temporarily.", "notes": "The customer outcome is recorded as partial repayment with path-specific notes rather than universal full repayment." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000040", "slug": "stablehouse", "canonical_name": "Stablehouse", "aliases": [ "StableHouse", "Stablehouse Yield", "Stablehouse Digital Assets Platform" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "acquired", "failure_reason": "acquisition", "launch_date": "2021-11-17", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Bermuda / Global", "summary": "Digital-asset yield platform launched in 2021 and later acquired by XBTO, transitioning from retail and professional yield products toward institutional custody and trading within the XBTO group.", "what_happened": "Stablehouse opened early access in November 2021 with digital-asset products offering fixed interest and later published revised yield rates. XBTO announced its strategic acquisition of Stablehouse in August 2023 subject to Bermuda Monetary Authority approval. First-party XBTO materials later describe Stablehouse as fully acquired and a wholly owned subsidiary operating custody and trading infrastructure. The record reflects an acquisition and product transition, not a platform failure: no customer-loss, withdrawal-halt or repayment event is established. The historical yield products remain distinct from Stablehouse's current XBTO custody and trading role.", "official_url_original": "https://www.stablehouse.com/", "official_domain_original": "stablehouse.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.stablehouse.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The August 2023 acquisition announcement was subject to regulatory approval. Current official materials confirm completion during 2023, but no exact legal completion date was identified. Current custody and trading terms are not retroactively applied to the historical yield products.", "notes": "Acquired status records the corporate and product transition while preserving Stablehouse as a continuing regulated subsidiary within XBTO." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000041", "slug": "aqru", "canonical_name": "AQRU", "aliases": [ "AQRU.io", "Accru Finance", "AQRU Earn", "AQRU Invest", "AQRU Exchange" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "limited", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2021-12-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Bulgaria / United Kingdom / Global", "summary": "Custodial crypto investment and yield platform launched in late 2021, later narrowed after market-driven yield reductions and a 2023 ownership restructuring, and currently offering a restricted high-minimum product set while several legacy products remain closed to new deposits.", "what_happened": "AQRU launched its consumer-facing crypto-yield platform in December 2021 and reported more than USD 50 million in assets under management and 20,000 signups by May 2022. In November 2022, AQRU plc reduced yields to a maximum of 3% on its Maple product, stopped interest on Bitcoin and Ethereum deposits, and said customer assets remained available for withdrawal. In August 2023, AQRU plc transferred its interest in the app and related digital-asset businesses to Langland Software Solutions in exchange for a minority stake, while stating that customers should not experience service disruption. The current AQRU site remains live but requires a USD 250,000 minimum and shows several legacy products closed to new deposits, supporting a limited rather than ended classification.", "official_url_original": "https://aqru.io/", "official_domain_original": "aqru.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://aqru.io/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact December 2021 launch day was not identified and 1 December is used as a sortable approximate date. Current product availability is jurisdiction-dependent. The 2023 ownership transfer did not establish a customer-loss, shutdown, repayment, or acquisition outcome for the customer-facing platform.", "notes": "Limited status reflects narrowed access and multiple products closed to new deposits while the platform and at least one yield product remain available." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000042", "slug": "youhodler", "canonical_name": "YouHodler", "aliases": [ "YouHodler Savings Account", "YouHodler Yield Account", "YouHodler Crypto Yield Account", "YouHodler Crypto Loans" ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Switzerland / European Union / Global", "summary": "Active crypto lending and yield platform that introduced stablecoin and Bitcoin savings accounts in 2019 and continues to offer crypto-backed liquidity, trading, custody, and a flexible Yield Account across supported jurisdictions.", "what_happened": "YouHodler developed as a crypto-backed lending and wallet platform and launched a USDT savings account in August 2019 followed by a Bitcoin savings account in September 2019. It moved savings payouts to a weekly schedule in April 2020. The current platform continues to offer a Yield Account with weekly settlement, flexible access, asset and account limits, and jurisdiction-specific restrictions. Current terms identify YouHodler entities in Switzerland and the European Union and describe segregated, off-balance-sheet handling for covered customer assets while allowing the use of disclosed third-party service providers.", "official_url_original": "https://www.youhodler.com/", "official_domain_original": "youhodler.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.youhodler.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The platform-level launch year is approximate. Product availability, eligible assets, limits, reward rates, legal entity, and regulatory treatment vary by jurisdiction and can change. This record does not imply deposit insurance or universal customer protection.", "notes": "Active comparator covering YouHodler's integrated lending and yield business rather than a failure case." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000043", "slug": "wirex-x-accounts", "canonical_name": "Wirex X-Accounts", "aliases": [ "X-Accounts", "Wirex X-Account", "X-Account Flexible", "X-Account Plus", "Fixed X-Account" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2021-06-23", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "United Kingdom / European Union / Global", "summary": "Product-scoped Wirex interest-account service launched in June 2021 and currently offered through flexible, plus, and fixed variants with different rate, lockup, and withdrawal conditions.", "what_happened": "Wirex announced X-Accounts in June 2021 as an app-based product for earning interest on transferred assets and expanded the supported asset set soon after launch. Current materials describe Flexible accounts with variable rates and on-demand withdrawals, Plus accounts with higher fixed rates and a redemption-notice period, and Fixed accounts with selected lockup terms. Current terms state that X-Accounts are not bank or deposit accounts, are not protected by government-backed depositor-compensation schemes, and involve transfer of ownership of deposited crypto-assets to Wirex for use or management at its discretion.", "official_url_original": "https://help.wirexapp.com/article/what-is-x-accounts-1290", "official_domain_original": "wirexapp.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.wirexapp.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "Availability, eligible assets, account variants, rates, limits, legal entity, and withdrawal conditions vary by country and can change. The record does not cover the entire Wirex payments, card, trading, Multiply, or Credit business.", "notes": "Product-scoped active comparator. Current terms support a platform-owned asset interpretation for X-Accounts only." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000044", "slug": "swissborg-earn", "canonical_name": "SwissBorg Earn", "aliases": [ "SwissBorg Smart Yield", "Smart Yield", "SwissBorg Earn Strategies", "SwissBorg Yield Wallet" ], "type": "yield_aggregator", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2020-12-14", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Switzerland / European Union / Global", "summary": "Product-scoped SwissBorg yield service launched as Smart Yield in December 2020 and expanded into SwissBorg Earn, offering app-based access to multiple strategy-specific DeFi, staking, liquidity, and related yield sources.", "what_happened": "SwissBorg launched its first USDC Smart Yield wallet on 14 December 2020 and expanded the product across additional assets. In September 2022, SwissBorg introduced SwissBorg Earn as the next stage of Smart Yield, replacing a single strategy with multiple asset- and risk-specific strategies. Current support and pricing materials describe active Earn subscriptions, redemptions, payouts, APY presentation, risk scores, performance fees, strategy caps, cooldowns, and loyalty-based fee or yield differences. Because the underlying strategy, protocol, liquidity, and risk structure varies, one custody or ownership interpretation should not be applied across every Earn strategy.", "official_url_original": "https://help.swissborg.com/hc/en-gb/sections/360004790438-SwissBorg-Earn", "official_domain_original": "swissborg.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://swissborg.com/smart-yield-account", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "Available strategies, underlying protocols, APYs, risk scores, caps, cooldowns, fees, payout timing, and jurisdictional access can change. This record does not cover all SwissBorg exchange, custody, token, or investment products.", "notes": "Product-scoped active comparator preserving continuity from Smart Yield to SwissBorg Earn." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000045", "slug": "coinrabbit", "canonical_name": "CoinRabbit", "aliases": [ "CoinRabbit Earn", "CoinRabbit Earn Interest Product", "CoinRabbit Crypto Savings Account", "CoinRabbit Crypto Loans" ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2020-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global", "summary": "Active crypto lending and interest-account platform founded in 2020, offering crypto-backed loans, a flexible Earn Interest Product, storage, swaps, and mobile account management.", "what_happened": "CoinRabbit began operating as a crypto-backed lending platform in 2020 and launched its crypto savings account in June 2021. It added a mobile app in August 2025. Current materials describe active fixed-term and open-ended loans and an Earn Interest Product with daily accrual and flexible withdrawals. Current terms state that CoinRabbit acquires ownership of both loan collateral and topped-up Earn assets, while the current loan marketing page separately says collateral is fully reserved and not rehypothecated. The record preserves that distinction instead of treating marketing language as a replacement for the contractual ownership terms.", "official_url_original": "https://coinrabbit.io/", "official_domain_original": "coinrabbit.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://coinrabbit.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact 2020 platform launch day was not identified and 1 January is used as a sortable approximate date. Current rates, supported assets, LTVs, limits, verification requirements, reserve practices, custody, and jurisdictional availability can change.", "notes": "Active comparator covering both CoinRabbit loans and the Earn Interest Product. Marketing reserve claims and contractual title-transfer provisions are shown separately." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000046", "slug": "nebeus", "canonical_name": "Nebeus", "aliases": [ "Nebeus Renting", "Nebeus Crypto Renting", "Nebeus Renting Programs", "Nebeus Crypto Loans" ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2014-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Spain / United Kingdom / European Union / Global", "summary": "Active crypto lending and financial platform founded in 2014, currently offering crypto-backed loans, multiple fixed and flexible Renting programs, wallets, payments, exchange services, and crypto-friendly accounts.", "what_happened": "Nebeus was founded in 2014 as a crypto-lending platform and later expanded into a broader financial app. By August 2022 it publicly offered multiple Renting programs. Current materials list Sprout, Baobab, Sequoia, Bonsai, Juniper, and related plans with different lockups and reward schedules. May 2026 Renting Terms state that users retain legal ownership while delegated assets are operationally handled and may be deployed through Nebeus infrastructure and authorised providers. Older first-party agreements instead described a lease to Nebeus and permitted pledge, repledge, sale, lending, investment, or other use. The record treats this as contractual evolution and does not retroactively apply one ownership model to all periods.", "official_url_original": "https://nebeus.com/", "official_domain_original": "nebeus.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://nebeus.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-03", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact 2014 platform launch day was not identified and 1 January is used as a sortable approximate date. Contracting entity, ownership language, programs, reward rates, lockups, supported assets, payout schedules, custody providers, and jurisdictional availability have changed over time and require date-specific interpretation.", "notes": "Active comparator preserving the distinction between current Renting Terms and older lease or rehypothecation language." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000047", "slug": "matrixport", "canonical_name": "Matrixport", "aliases": [ "Matrixport Invest", "Matrixport Fixed Income", "Matrixport Flexi Saving", "Matrixport Balance+" ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2019-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Singapore / Hong Kong / Global", "summary": "Active digital-asset financial platform founded in 2019 whose core business combines fixed and flexible yield products, structured investments, collateralized lending, brokerage, custody, and institutional services.", "what_happened": "Matrixport developed as a one-stop digital-asset financial platform with yield and lending as core functions. First-party materials describe fixed-income and flexible-saving products backed by platform staking and lending activity, structured-yield products, and multiple collateralized loan services. The platform remains active, but rates, lockups, early-redemption rights, underlying strategies, legal entities, licensing scope, custody arrangements, and jurisdictional access vary by product and over time.", "official_url_original": "https://www.matrixport.com/", "official_domain_original": "matrixport.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.matrixport.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2019 launch date is year-level. Current first-party product pages and terms do not establish one universal ownership, custody, principal-protection, liquidity, or risk model across every Matrixport entity and product. Product availability and regulatory permissions differ by jurisdiction.", "notes": "Active comparator included because yield and lending are core platform functions rather than incidental exchange add-ons." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000048", "slug": "coinchange", "canonical_name": "Coinchange", "aliases": [ "Coinchange Financials", "Coinchange Earn Account", "Coinchange High Yield Account", "Coinchange DeFi Yield" ], "type": "yield_aggregator", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2021-07-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Canada / United States / Poland / Global", "summary": "Active digital-asset yield platform that brought its proprietary automated strategy system to market in Q3 2021 and expanded from individual Earn accounts into business, API, vault, and multi-strategy yield infrastructure.", "what_happened": "Coinchange developed automated systems for allocating digital assets across DeFi and CeFi strategies and states that it brought the proprietary platform to market in Q3 2021. Historical terms governed a customer-facing High Yield Account, while current materials emphasize customized individual and business Earn products, APIs, vaults, and multi-strategy allocation. The platform remains active, but custody, key control, strategy composition, liquidity, fees, legal entities, and client-facing arrangements vary by product and version.", "official_url_original": "https://www.coinchange.io/", "official_domain_original": "coinchange.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.coinchange.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "The Q3 2021 launch is recorded as 1 July for sortable year-quarter precision. Current marketing statements about APY, principal protection, custody, key control, strategy risk, liquidity, and regulation are product- and jurisdiction-specific and can change.", "notes": "Active comparator included because yield generation and yield infrastructure are the central business rather than a peripheral exchange feature." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000049", "slug": "yieldnodes", "canonical_name": "YieldNodes", "aliases": [ "Yield Nodes", "YieldNodes Masternode Rental", "YieldNodes Pro" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "restructuring", "failure_reason": "unknown", "launch_date": "2019-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Hong Kong / Malta / Global", "summary": "Centralized masternode-rental yield platform established around 2019 that suspended deposits and withdrawals in October 2022 and moved customer balances into a prolonged restructuring, NFT claim, and proposed YieldNodes Pro transition.", "what_happened": "YieldNodes accepted customer crypto into a managed masternode and staking model. First-party statements say deposits and withdrawals were suspended in October 2022 after exchange-account restrictions and liquidity pressure, and that the operator began a restructuring tied to DECENOMY assets. The operator later distributed account-linked NFTs and proposed a future YieldNodes Pro platform, while affected investors organized separate recovery efforts. The original account balances, NFT rights, underlying asset claims, and any future-platform rights remain distinct and unresolved.", "official_url_original": "https://yieldnodes.com/", "official_domain_original": "yieldnodes.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://yieldnodes.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact 2019 launch day was not identified. The immediate and ultimate causes of the 2022 suspension, asset backing, legal ownership of underlying assets, value of account-linked NFTs, enforceability of repurchase language, recovery rate, and launch prospects for YieldNodes Pro remain contested or unverified.", "notes": "Status is restructuring rather than operations-ended because the operator continues publishing updates and describes a proposed successor model, but ordinary deposits and withdrawals have not resumed in the reviewed evidence." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000050", "slug": "bake-formerly-cake-defi", "canonical_name": "Bake", "aliases": [ "Cake DeFi", "CakeDeFi", "Bake.io", "Cake DeFi Lending", "Bake Earn" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "limited", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2019-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Singapore / Lithuania / Poland / Global", "summary": "Centralized crypto yield platform founded as Cake DeFi in 2019, rebranded to Bake in 2023, and reduced to account maintenance and USD withdrawals after suspending crypto-asset services on 15 April 2026 for MiCA alignment.", "what_happened": "Cake DeFi originally provided retail access to staking, institutional lending, liquidity mining, and later Savings and DeFi-powered Lending products. The retail business rebranded to Bake in June 2023. In March 2026 the operator announced an indefinite suspension of crypto-asset services, and from 15 April 2026 remaining crypto balances were converted to USD, new crypto deposits and accounts were stopped, and existing accounts became withdrawal-only under a custodial arrangement. The reviewed evidence does not establish completion of every withdrawal or uniform treatment of illiquid assets.", "official_url_original": "https://bake.io/", "official_domain_original": "bake.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://cakedefi.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact 2019 launch day was not identified. Historical Cake DeFi products used different strategies and terms. The reviewed April 2026 terms establish a withdrawal-only USD state, but do not prove that every customer completed withdrawal or that every illiquid asset retained recoverable value.", "notes": "Status is limited because the platform and accounts remain available for maintenance and USD withdrawals, while crypto-asset and yield functionality is blocked." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000051", "slug": "bitlendingclub-loanbase", "canonical_name": "BitLendingClub", "aliases": [ "Loanbase", "LoanBase", "Bit Lending Club" ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "regulatory_action", "launch_date": "2014-05-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Bulgaria / Global", "summary": "Centralized peer-to-peer Bitcoin lending marketplace launched in 2014, temporarily rebranded as Loanbase, and placed into a staged shutdown from December 2016 after the operator cited regulatory pressure.", "what_happened": "BitLendingClub matched Bitcoin lenders and borrowers through a centrally operated marketplace. It adopted the Loanbase name in 2015 and later returned to BitLendingClub. In February 2016 attackers compromised user accounts after exploiting the platform's web stack; that security incident is recorded separately from the later closure. On 1 December 2016 the operator stopped new registrations, loans, and investments and announced a staged wind-down expected to continue while outstanding loans were repaid. The reviewed evidence does not establish the exact final closure date or uniform repayment of every lender and borrower obligation.", "official_url_original": "https://bitlendingclub.com/", "official_domain_original": "bitlendingclub.com", "official_url_status": "dead_domain", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://bitlendingclub.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact May 2014 launch day, date of the return from Loanbase to BitLendingClub, final legal dissolution date, final platform shutdown date, outstanding-loan completion, customer withdrawal completion, and aggregate recovery outcome were not established by the reviewed sources.", "notes": "The similarly named current Japanese BitLending service is unrelated and is not included in this identity. Status is operations-ended because new marketplace activity stopped and a closure process was announced; the null end date preserves uncertainty about final completion." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000052", "slug": "bitbond-lending-marketplace", "canonical_name": "Bitbond Lending Marketplace", "aliases": [ "Bitbond", "Bitbond P2P Lending", "Bitbond Global Lending Platform", "Bitbond STO", "BB1" ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "voluntary_shutdown", "launch_date": "2013-01-01", "end_date": "2020-05-28", "country_or_origin": "Germany / Global", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bitbond's regulated blockchain-based SME lending marketplace, launched in 2013 and discontinued as the company pivoted toward institutional tokenization infrastructure by May 2020.", "what_happened": "Bitbond began as a blockchain-based peer-to-peer lending marketplace serving small-business borrowers and global investors. In 2019 Bitbond Finance issued the BB1 security token, whose proceeds were intended in part to finance SME loans originated through the marketplace. In a May 2020 company update, Bitbond said it was concentrating on tokenized securities, had returned its asset-broker licence, and would refrain from further loan origination while continuing to administer the existing SME loan portfolio. This record covers the historical marketplace and related lending exposure only; Bitbond's current tokenization software business remains active and is not classified as a failed lending platform.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bitbond.com/", "official_domain_original": "bitbond.com", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bitbond.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact 2013 marketplace launch day and the completion status of every borrower loan, lender claim, and BB1 token obligation were not established. The 28 May 2020 end date represents the first-party announcement that new loan origination had ceased, not proof that every legacy position had settled on that date.", "notes": "The current Bitbond company and website are dedicated to tokenization infrastructure. The historical lending marketplace, existing SME loan portfolio, and BB1 security-token rights must remain legally and economically distinct." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000053", "slug": "bitmart-earn-and-lending", "canonical_name": "BitMart Earn and Lending", "aliases": [ "BitMart Earn", "BitMart Savings", "BitMart Staking", "BitMart Crypto Loans" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "limited", "failure_reason": "voluntary_shutdown", "launch_date": "2022-08-12", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Marshall Islands / Global", "summary": "Product-scoped record for BitMart's centralized Savings, Staking, and Crypto Loans services during the exchange's announced orderly wind-down.", "what_happened": "BitMart operated flexible and fixed Savings products, staking products, and collateralized Crypto Loans within centrally administered Spot, Earn, and loan accounts. On 26 July 2026 the exchange announced an orderly wind-down, immediately began restricting registrations, deposits, new orders, and positions, and said Earn, Staking, Lending, and other products would be discontinued in phases under product-specific arrangements. As of 5 August 2026, trading cessation scheduled for 26 August 2026 and formal platform termination scheduled for 31 January 2027 were still future events. Product-specific redemption and settlement procedures had not been fully published or completed.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bitmart.com/en-US/savings", "official_domain_original": "bitmart.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bitmart.com/en-US/savings", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed announcement does not provide final discontinuation dates for each Earn, Staking, or Lending product, does not establish completion of every redemption or withdrawal, and does not resolve treatment of all fixed-term subscriptions, collateralized loans, frozen collateral, compliance reviews, or post-deadline balances.", "notes": "This is a product-scoped CYA record, not a duplicate record for BitMart spot or futures trading. Limited is used because the wind-down is active but the announced trading and platform termination dates have not yet occurred." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000054", "slug": "kriptomat-kriptoearn", "canonical_name": "Kriptomat KriptoEarn", "aliases": [ "KriptoEarn", "Kriptomat Earn", "Kriptomat Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "regulatory_action", "launch_date": null, "end_date": "2026-06-30", "country_or_origin": "Estonia / European Union", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Kriptomat's staking-based KriptoEarn service, paused during the 2022 market crisis and ultimately terminated during Kriptomat's MiCA-related 2026 wind-down.", "what_happened": "KriptoEarn allowed Kriptomat users to place supported crypto assets into protocol staking through a simplified exchange interface while remaining the stated owners of the assets. On 11 November 2022 Kriptomat temporarily paused new KriptoEarn deposits because market vulnerabilities could affect external partners, while stating that Kriptomat itself had no liquidity issue and that principal plus accrued rewards through 10 November would be moved to regular wallets. Product materials published later show that KriptoEarn was again available, but the reviewed evidence does not establish the exact restart date. On 19 May 2026 Kriptomat announced an orderly company wind-down after withdrawing its MiCA authorisation application. The wind-down hub later marked termination of KriptoEarn positions and the 30 June 2026 cessation of regulated services as completed, while residual customer balances remained subject to read-only and manual withdrawal processes.", "official_url_original": "https://kriptomat.io/kriptoearn-terms-of-use/", "official_domain_original": "kriptomat.io", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://kriptomat.io/kriptoearn-terms-of-use/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact initial KriptoEarn launch date and exact post-2022 restart date were not established. First-party statements support internal-wallet return of KriptoEarn positions, but they do not prove that every customer completed an external withdrawal, transfer to Kraken, manual claim, or account closure.", "notes": "Regulatory action is used for the MiCA licensing transition that led to the voluntary orderly closure; it does not imply enforcement, insolvency, fraud, or misconduct." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000055", "slug": "finder-earn", "canonical_name": "Finder Earn", "aliases": [ "Finder Earn Product", "Finder Wallet Earn", "Finder Wallet Pty Ltd", "Wallet Ventures Pty Ltd", "TAUD Earn" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "regulatory_action", "launch_date": null, "end_date": "2022-11-24", "country_or_origin": "Australia", "summary": "Product-scoped Australian yield account offered by Finder Wallet in 2022. Customer Australian dollars were converted to TAUD and allocated to Finder Wallet for working-capital use in exchange for fixed annual returns. The product ceased after ASIC raised concerns, all customer funds were returned in full, and the courts ultimately rejected ASIC's claim that Finder Earn was a debenture.", "what_happened": "Finder Wallet offered Finder Earn from late February through 10 November 2022. Customers deposited Australian dollars, which were converted to TAUD and allocated to Finder Wallet, and received annual compounding returns of 4.01% or 6.01%. After ASIC notified Finder Wallet of concerns, the product ceased from 24 November 2022 and ASIC states that all customer funds were returned in full. ASIC commenced civil proceedings in December 2022, but the Federal Court dismissed the case in March 2024 and the Full Federal Court dismissed ASIC's appeal in July 2025.", "official_url_original": "https://www.finder.com.au/finder-wallet/finder-earn", "official_domain_original": "finder.com.au", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.finder.com.au/finder-wallet/finder-earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "ASIC describes the offer period as beginning in late February 2022, so no exact launch day is assigned. Regulatory action is used because the product ceased after ASIC raised concerns and litigation followed; it does not mean a breach was upheld. Both the first-instance court and the Full Federal Court rejected ASIC's debenture allegation. Product closure is separate from the continuing Finder comparison business and from Wallet Ventures Pty Ltd, the renamed Finder Wallet entity.", "notes": "Added as a fully repaid product-closure comparator showing that regulatory scrutiny and product cessation do not necessarily imply insolvency or customer loss." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000056", "slug": "aax-savings", "canonical_name": "AAX Savings", "aliases": [ "AAX", "Atom Asset Exchange", "AAX Earn", "AAX Flexible Savings", "AAX Fixed Savings", "AAB Plus", "AAX Asia Private Limited", "AAX Singapore Private Limited" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "bankrupt", "failure_reason": "insolvency", "launch_date": null, "end_date": "2023-10-17", "country_or_origin": "Hong Kong / Singapore / Malta / Seychelles / Cayman Islands / Global", "summary": "Exchange-linked flexible and fixed crypto savings products operated within the multi-jurisdictional AAX Group. AAX froze withdrawals in November 2022. Singapore proceedings later found AAX Asia and AAX Singapore unable to pay debts, lacking available assets for current liabilities, and missing customer records, and winding-up orders took effect in October 2023.", "what_happened": "AAX offered flexible and fixed savings products and token-linked yield programs alongside spot and derivatives trading. Withdrawals were suspended on 12 November 2022. Subsequent reports described police investigations, arrests, complaints and alleged liquidity problems, but those claims are preserved as allegations rather than final fraud findings. The Singapore High Court found that AAX Asia and AAX Singapore were unable to pay their debts, had no available assets to meet current liabilities, and lacked complete customer records. Winding-up orders granted on 12 October 2023 took effect on 17 October 2023, with the liquidator tasked with multi-jurisdictional asset and creditor investigations.", "official_url_original": "https://www.aax.com/", "official_domain_original": "aax.com", "official_url_status": "dead_domain", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.aax.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-05", "uncertainty_notes": "The bankruptcy and insolvency classification is directly supported for AAX Asia and AAX Singapore. AAX operated through a wider group across several jurisdictions, and customers reportedly did not know which entity they contracted with. The 17 October 2023 end date is the effective date of the Singapore winding-up orders, not a claim that every AAX group entity legally ended that day. Customer records, asset ownership, contracting entities, group-wide liabilities and recovery remain unresolved.", "notes": "Tracked as a product-scoped exchange-Earn failure because savings customers faced the same withdrawal freeze and entity uncertainty as the wider exchange while product terms and customer claims require separate treatment." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000057", "slug": "bluebenx", "canonical_name": "BlueBenx", "aliases": [ "Blue Benx", "BlueBenx Finance", "BlueBenx Earn", "BlueBenx Yield", "CriptoSavings", "Bluebenx Tecnologia Financeira S.A." ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "withdrawals_suspended", "failure_reason": "unknown", "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Brazil", "summary": "Brazilian centralized crypto-yield and investment platform whose BlueBenx Finance operations, including withdrawals, redemptions, deposits and transfers, were suspended in August 2022. CVM later stopped crypto-linked investment offerings and issued final administrative sanctions concerning unregistered public offerings and fraudulent securities-market operations. Customer recovery and the platform's final legal end remain unresolved.", "what_happened": "BlueBenx told customers in August 2022 that BlueBenx Finance operations, including withdrawals, redemptions, deposits and transfers, were being suspended after what the company described as a hack. CYA does not adopt that claimed hack as the verified cause of the freeze. On 30 November 2022, Brazil's CVM ordered the suspension of public offerings of crypto-linked collective investment contracts by Bluebenx Tecnologia Financeira S.A. A September 2024 CVM judgment imposed sanctions for an unregistered public securities offering. In August 2025, the CVM unanimously imposed additional sanctions for fraudulent securities-market operations and an unregistered public offering. Those administrative findings do not establish a criminal conviction, a universal customer recovery result or a verified final platform end date.", "official_url_original": "https://bluebenx.com/", "official_domain_original": "bluebenx.com", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://bluebenx.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The August 2022 operational freeze is supported by contemporaneous reporting that reproduces BlueBenx's customer communication. The company's claimed hack is not treated as an established failure cause. CVM's later administrative decisions establish regulatory findings but do not prove that regulation caused the original withdrawal freeze. No complete customer repayment, recovery percentage, insolvency proceeding, final corporate dissolution date or universal claim resolution is established by the reviewed sources.", "notes": "Tracked as a centralized yield platform because CVM records identify crypto-linked investment contracts including CriptoSavings and term DeFi products, while the 2022 freeze affected BlueBenx Finance withdrawals and redemptions." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000058", "slug": "hotbit-investment-products", "canonical_name": "Hotbit Investment Products", "aliases": [ "Hotbit Investment", "Hotbit Earn", "Hotbit DeFi Farm", "Hotbit Staking Investment", "Hotbit Investment Center" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "voluntary_shutdown", "launch_date": null, "end_date": "2023-05-22", "country_or_origin": "Global", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Hotbit's exchange-linked investment layer, including DeFi Farm and staking products. Hotbit support notices show individual investment products being closed and automatically redeemed into users' investment accounts during 2023. The exchange then ended all centralized-exchange operations on 22 May 2023 and told users to withdraw remaining assets by 21 June.", "what_happened": "Hotbit operated an Investment Center with DeFi Farm, staking and other yield products alongside its centralized exchange. During 2023, Hotbit closed multiple investment products and stated that remaining positions would be automatically redeemed so users could check their investment accounts afterward. Those internal redemptions are not treated as proof of successful external withdrawal. On 22 May 2023, Hotbit announced that all CEX operations would stop and instructed users to withdraw remaining assets by 04:00 UTC on 21 June. The reviewed sources do not establish that every investment customer completed an external withdrawal or received all assets owed.", "official_url_original": "https://www.hotbit.io/", "official_domain_original": "hotbit.io", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.hotbit.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "No single verified launch date is assigned to the product-scoped Investment Center because the reviewed first-party material spans multiple product launches and closures. Automatic redemption notices refer to balances becoming visible in Hotbit investment accounts and do not prove external withdrawal or universal repayment. The 22 May 2023 end date is the announced cessation of CEX operations, not a claim that every customer balance was resolved that day.", "notes": "Tracked separately from a generic exchange listing because the historical subject is Hotbit's yield and investment product layer and the customer exposure created by those products before the exchange-wide shutdown." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000059", "slug": "ftx-earn", "canonical_name": "FTX Earn", "aliases": [ "FTX App Earn", "FTX US Earn", "Blockfolio Earn", "FTX Earn Program" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "bankrupt", "failure_reason": "insolvency", "launch_date": null, "end_date": "2022-11-11", "country_or_origin": "Bahamas / United States / Global", "summary": "Product-scoped record for FTX's mobile-app Earn program, which paid advertised yield on supported crypto and fiat balances. FTX and affiliated debtors filed for Chapter 11 on 11 November 2022; the customer claims system later preserved account histories including amounts earned through the Earn program. Customer recoveries now proceed through the broader FTX bankruptcy plan rather than a product-specific FTX Earn repayment process.", "what_happened": "FTX promoted an Earn program inside FTX-branded mobile apps, with historical support material describing tiered APY on supported balances. On 11 November 2022, FTX Trading Ltd. and affiliated debtors entered Chapter 11 proceedings. Current FTX claims support states that customer account history through the petition date includes amounts earned from staking or participation in the Earn program, and customer balances are read-only. The FTX Recovery Trust began plan distributions in 2025 and continued distributions in 2026, but those payments are made by bankruptcy claim class and eligibility rather than as a separately reported FTX Earn recovery program. CYA therefore does not assign a product-specific recovery percentage.", "official_url_original": "https://ftx.com/", "official_domain_original": "ftx.com", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://ftx.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed material confirms the Earn feature and its treatment inside post-bankruptcy account histories, but CYA does not collapse FTX.com, FTX US, FTX EU and other affiliate obligations into one legal contract. The exact initial launch date and product-specific custody/title terms remain unclear. Bankruptcy-plan distribution percentages vary by allowed claim class and are not treated as an FTX Earn recovery rate.", "notes": "Tracked separately from a generic FTX exchange record because the historical subject is the yield-bearing Earn product and how those balances entered the bankruptcy claims process." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000060", "slug": "liquid-earn", "canonical_name": "Liquid Earn", "aliases": [ "Liquid.com Earn", "Liquid Crypto Earn", "Liquid Celsius Earn" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "withdrawals_suspended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2021-04-28", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan / Singapore / Global", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Liquid's exchange-linked yield service launched through an integration with Celsius Network. After FTX acquired Liquid, Liquid Global suspended fiat and crypto withdrawals in November 2022 in connection with the Chapter 11 proceedings of parent FTX Trading Ltd. Liquid's current support materials continue to direct customers toward the FTX bankruptcy claims process.", "what_happened": "On 28 April 2021, Celsius announced an integration that made its compounding-yield model available to Liquid customers, with weekly payouts and no lock-in described in the launch material. FTX later acquired Liquid. On 15 November 2022, Liquid Global halted fiat and crypto withdrawals after the Chapter 11 filing involving its ultimate parent. Current Liquid support says deposits, trading and withdrawals of fiat and crypto assets have been suspended for an extended period and directs Liquid Global users to the FTX restructuring and claims process. CYA does not infer that Liquid itself was independently insolvent or that every Liquid Earn balance represented a direct claim against Celsius.", "official_url_original": "https://www.liquid.com/", "official_domain_original": "liquid.com", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.liquid.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The Celsius integration establishes the product and yield model but does not establish one universal custody, legal-title or downstream counterparty structure for every Liquid Earn customer balance. Current Liquid support confirms the continuing service suspension and claim route, but no reviewed source establishes a final product end date or a uniform recovery percentage.", "notes": "Tracked as an exchange-Earn product. Parent-company Chapter 11 exposure is kept separate from a claim that Liquid or Quoine independently entered insolvency proceedings." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000061", "slug": "swyftx-earn", "canonical_name": "Swyftx Earn", "aliases": [ "Swyftx Staking", "Earn program", "Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "voluntary_shutdown", "launch_date": null, "end_date": "2023-01-10", "country_or_origin": "Australia", "summary": "Product-scoped historical record for Swyftx's exchange-linked Earn program, previously called Staking. Swyftx closed the program on 10 January 2023, citing changing regulatory requirements, while the underlying Swyftx exchange continued operating. Swyftx's current support documentation states that assets held in Earn wallets were returned to users' trade wallets together with earned interest.", "what_happened": "Swyftx offered a yield-bearing product first described as Staking and later as Earn. The company closed that product on 10 January 2023 as it reviewed changing regulatory requirements for crypto yield products. Current first-party support states that assets held in Earn wallets were returned to users' Swyftx trade wallets together with interest earned. CYA treats this as the end of the product only, not the end of the Swyftx exchange, and does not equate an internal return to a trade wallet with proof that every user completed an external withdrawal.", "official_url_original": "https://swyftx.com/", "official_domain_original": "swyftx.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://swyftx.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish the product closure date and the company's statement that Earn-wallet assets and earned interest were returned to trade wallets. They do not establish an exact original launch date, one historical legal-title or segregation model, a universal downstream yield mechanism, or the exact date on which every internal transfer completed.", "notes": "Tracked separately from the continuing Swyftx exchange because the historical subject is the discontinued Earn/Staking product. The company's regulatory rationale is preserved as its stated reason and is not treated as a finding that regulators ordered the product to close." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000062", "slug": "kucoin-earn", "canonical_name": "KuCoin Earn", "aliases": [ "Pool-X Earn", "KuCoin Simple Earn" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2021-12-22", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global", "summary": "Product-scoped record for KuCoin's exchange-linked Earn platform. KuCoin renamed and upgraded Pool-X to KuCoin Earn on 22 December 2021. The product remains active in 2026 and now spans Simple Earn, staking and other yield products, with a July 2026 consolidation of several flexible products into Simple Earn Flexible.", "what_happened": "KuCoin transitioned the Pool-X product identity to KuCoin Earn on 22 December 2021. First-party material in 2026 continues to describe KuCoin Earn as an active one-stop wealth-management platform and documents the consolidation of Simple Earn Savings, Simple Earn Flexible and Crypto Lending Pro into Simple Earn Flexible. CYA treats KuCoin Earn as a product-scoped exchange-yield record rather than a generic KuCoin exchange dossier and does not collapse savings, staking, lending and structured products into one custody or yield mechanism.", "official_url_original": "https://www.kucoin.com/earn", "official_domain_original": "kucoin.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.kucoin.com/earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The 22 December 2021 date is the verified Pool-X-to-KuCoin Earn product-brand transition. It is not asserted to be the first date on which any Pool-X or KuCoin yield service existed. Product-specific custody, legal title, principal protection, redemption mechanics and yield sources vary and require separate terms review.", "notes": "The continuing KuCoin exchange is not separately classified by this product record. KuCoin Earn remains active as of the reviewed 2026 first-party sources." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000063", "slug": "okx-simple-earn", "canonical_name": "OKX Simple Earn", "aliases": [ "OKX Simple Earn Flexible", "OKX Simple Earn Fixed" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for OKX Simple Earn. First-party OKX material documents Simple Earn by November 2022, fixed and flexible terms, lending-based return mechanics, and continued operation through 2026. An exact launch date for the overall Simple Earn service is not inferred from the reviewed sources.", "what_happened": "OKX's first-party Earn guide published on 14 November 2022 already described Simple Earn within its Earn product suite. Later terms explain that fixed and flexible Simple Earn positions can earn returns when deposited assets are matched with borrowing demand and explicitly state that the service is not principal-protected. Simple Earn Fixed was made broadly available to eligible users from 30 May 2024. Current product pages in 2026 show Simple Earn continuing with flexible and fixed offerings. CYA keeps the record product-scoped and preserves jurisdiction-specific OKX entity boundaries.", "official_url_original": "https://www.okx.com/earn/simple-earn", "official_domain_original": "okx.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.okx.com/earn/simple-earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish that Simple Earn existed by 14 November 2022 but do not establish the exact first launch date of the umbrella service, so launch_date remains null. Applicable OKX legal entities, product availability, fixed/flexible mechanics and terms vary by jurisdiction and period.", "notes": "The continuing OKX exchange is outside the product-end semantics of this record. No platform-wide loss, claims or recovery process was identified in the reviewed sources." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000064", "slug": "gate-simple-earn", "canonical_name": "Gate Simple Earn", "aliases": [ "Gate Simple Earn Flexible Term", "Gate Simple Earn Fixed Term" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Gate Simple Earn. First-party materials document the product by May 2024, current flexible and fixed-term variants, and a March 2025 lending-rate mechanism upgrade. The product remains active in 2026. An exact umbrella-product launch date is not inferred from the reviewed sources.", "what_happened": "Gate Simple Earn is an exchange-linked yield product with flexible and fixed-term variants. A first-party May 2024 promotion establishes that Simple Earn was already operating by that date. Gate later documented a 20 March 2025 interest-rate mechanism upgrade applying a borrowing-interest-based mechanism across Simple Earn coins. Current support describes flexible subscriptions as funds used in Gate's lending business and loaned to other platform users, with lending interest distributed as returns. CYA keeps the record product-scoped and does not collapse all Simple Earn variants into one legal-title, principal-protection or risk model.", "official_url_original": "https://www.gate.com/simple-earn", "official_domain_original": "gate.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.gate.com/simple-earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish that Simple Earn existed by May 2024 but do not establish the exact first launch date of the umbrella product, so launch_date remains null. Flexible and fixed-term products can differ in lending, lock-up, redemption and promotional mechanics; current product descriptions are not used to invent one universal ownership or principal-protection interpretation.", "notes": "The continuing Gate exchange is outside the product-end semantics of this record. Product availability is jurisdiction-dependent and current materials exclude some restricted regions." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000065", "slug": "bybit-easy-earn", "canonical_name": "Bybit Easy Earn", "aliases": [ "Easy Earn", "Bybit Savings", "Flexible Easy Earn", "Fixed Easy Earn" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bybit Easy Earn. First-party materials document Easy Earn by September 2025 and show continued operation in 2026 with flexible, fixed and fixed-rate-loan variants. Exact launch or rename chronology from legacy Bybit Savings is not inferred from the reviewed sources.", "what_happened": "Bybit Easy Earn is a product family within Bybit Earn that includes flexible and fixed products. A first-party getting-started guide published in September 2025 documents the Easy Earn product structure, while 2026 support and campaign material confirms continued operation and integration with BYUSDT. Bybit's current materials distinguish yield sources across platform revenue, Bybit lending and third-party wealth-management strategies. Bybit also describes certain Easy Earn flexible and fixed products as principal-protected in token amount; CYA preserves that as an attributed current product claim rather than a universal legal, custody or solvency guarantee.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bybit.com/en/earn", "official_domain_original": "bybit.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bybit.com/en/earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources do not establish an exact Easy Earn launch date or the exact date of transition from earlier Bybit Savings naming, so launch_date remains null. Yield source, lock-up, redemption, principal-treatment claims and applicable legal entities vary by product and jurisdiction.", "notes": "The continuing Bybit exchange is outside this product record. Current principal-protection language is an attributed product statement and must not be read as a universal guarantee against platform, legal, liquidity or counterparty risk." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000066", "slug": "binance-simple-earn", "canonical_name": "Binance Simple Earn", "aliases": [ "Binance Earn Simple Earn", "Binance Simple Earn Flexible", "Binance Simple Earn Locked" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Binance Simple Earn. Current first-party materials document active flexible and locked Simple Earn products in 2026 and distinguish them from higher-risk Advanced Earn products. An exact umbrella-product launch date is not inferred from the reviewed sources.", "what_happened": "Binance Simple Earn is a product family inside Binance Earn with flexible and locked offerings. Binance Academy's June 2026 guide describes Simple Earn as the lower-risk tier relative to Advanced Earn, while jurisdiction-specific Binance disclosures show that legal and risk treatment can differ. Binance Japan states that Simple Earn is not a bank deposit or deposit-insured product and describes lending, segregation, priority-repayment and bankruptcy-return risks. CYA keeps the record product-scoped and does not convert marketing or jurisdiction-specific principal-protection wording into a universal legal, custody or solvency guarantee.", "official_url_original": "https://www.binance.com/en/earn/simple-earn", "official_domain_original": "binance.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.binance.com/en/earn/simple-earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish current Simple Earn operation but do not establish the exact first launch date of the umbrella product, so launch_date remains null. Product terms, principal-treatment claims, segregation, lending mechanics and applicable Binance entities vary by product and jurisdiction.", "notes": "The continuing Binance exchange and other Binance Earn products are outside this product identity. Current risk and principal language must be read in the applicable product and jurisdiction context." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000067", "slug": "bitget-simple-earn", "canonical_name": "Bitget Simple Earn", "aliases": [ "Bitget Earn", "Bitget Savings", "Bitget Flexible Savings", "Bitget Simple Earn Flexible", "Bitget Simple Earn Fixed" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bitget's Savings-to-Simple-Earn product line. Bitget launched Flexible Savings on 24 June 2022, operated Savings within Bitget Earn by 2023, and currently offers Simple Earn flexible and fixed products under risk terms updated in September 2025.", "what_happened": "Bitget launched Flexible Savings on 24 June 2022 and later operated flexible and fixed Savings within Bitget Earn. Current Simple Earn materials describe flexible and fixed products, while the September 2025 product terms state that Bitget acts as a platform provider, underlying assets may be managed by third parties, principal and displayed rewards are not guaranteed, and users face Bitget credit and operational risk. CYA treats the 2022 Savings launch as predecessor history rather than inventing an exact launch date for the later Simple Earn brand.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bitget.com/earn/simple-earn", "official_domain_original": "bitget.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bitget.com/earn/simple-earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The 24 June 2022 date is the verified launch of predecessor Flexible Savings, not asserted as the exact Simple Earn-brand launch date. Current terms can involve third-party networks and custodians, and product-specific custody, ownership, reward and principal-risk treatment can vary.", "notes": "The continuing Bitget exchange is outside this product record. Promotional descriptions of principal security are subordinate to the reviewed governing risk terms and are not treated as a universal guarantee." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000068", "slug": "phemex-savings", "canonical_name": "Phemex Savings", "aliases": [ "Phemex Earn Savings", "Phemex Flexible Savings", "Phemex Fixed Savings", "Phemex Crypto Interest Accounts" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2021-01-18", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Phemex Savings. Phemex announced Flexible and Fixed Savings for a 18 January 2021 start, and current first-party product and terms pages continue to document Phemex Savings as an active Earn product.", "what_happened": "Phemex announced its Earn Crypto program in December 2020 with Flexible and Fixed Savings starting 18 January 2021. The product later became part of the broader Phemex Earn suite. Current Phemex Earn terms state that subscribed Earn Assets are not segregated, may be commingled with Phemex and affiliate assets, may be used for operating purposes including loans and on-chain staking, and in exceptional circumstances may not be returned in full or at all. CYA therefore does not treat historical risk-free or guaranteed-return promotional wording as a universal custody, principal or solvency guarantee.", "official_url_original": "https://phemex.com/earn-crypto/savings", "official_domain_original": "phemex.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://phemex.com/earn-crypto/savings", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "Availability of Flexible and Fixed Savings varies over time, by asset and by jurisdiction. Current terms govern the reviewed risk interpretation and supersede older promotional characterizations for canonical risk analysis.", "notes": "The broader Phemex exchange, Launchpool, on-chain Earn and other wealth-management products are outside this product identity." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000069", "slug": "whitebit-crypto-lending", "canonical_name": "WhiteBIT Crypto Lending", "aliases": [ "WhiteBIT Earn Crypto Lending", "Crypto Lending", "SMART Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2022-10-21", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Europe / Global", "summary": "Product-scoped record for WhiteBIT Crypto Lending. WhiteBIT introduced WhiteBIT Earn on 21 October 2022 and renamed predecessor SMART Staking to Crypto Lending; current fixed and flexible lending plans remain active in 2026.", "what_happened": "WhiteBIT announced WhiteBIT Earn on 21 October 2022 and renamed SMART Staking to Crypto Lending without affecting existing assets. Current terms define Crypto Lending as lending digital assets to WhiteBIT under available plans, with rates and periods varying by plan and with material digital-asset and investment risks. WhiteBIT added flexible Crypto Lending plans in April 2025 and continued expanding long-term plans in 2026. CYA preserves the predecessor relationship but does not assume that every SMART Staking-era term remained unchanged after the rename.", "official_url_original": "https://whitebit.com/earn/crypto-lending/list/flex", "official_domain_original": "whitebit.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://whitebit.com/earn/crypto-lending/list/flex", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The 21 October 2022 date is the verified WhiteBIT Earn introduction and Crypto Lending rename date. SMART Staking predates the renamed product, and historical legal or operational terms are not assumed to be identical across the entire predecessor history.", "notes": "The broader WhiteBIT exchange, Staking, Auto-Invest, Crypto Borrow and third-party offerings shown in the Crypto Lending section are outside this product identity unless separately reviewed." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000070", "slug": "htx-simple-earn", "canonical_name": "HTX Simple Earn", "aliases": [ "HTX Earn Flexible", "HTX Earn Fixed", "HTX Earn Simple Earn", "Huobi Earn" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for HTX flexible and fixed-term Simple Earn products. First-party terms published in January 2021 govern HTX Earn purchases, while 2026 first-party promotions confirm continuing flexible and fixed-term operation.", "what_happened": "HTX's Simple Earn Agreement, published on 25 January 2021 and updated in March 2025, applies to flexible and fixed-term Earn products. The agreement states that flexible subscriptions are matched with borrowing demand arising from HTX services and that flexible rates fluctuate with market conditions. Current first-party promotions in 2026 continue to advertise Flexible and fixed-term HTX Earn products. The reviewed sources do not establish the original launch date of the product family, so CYA leaves launch_date unresolved rather than treating the agreement publication date as launch.", "official_url_original": "https://www.htx.com/support/900004967323/", "official_domain_original": "htx.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.htx.com/support/900004967323/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2021-01-25 date is the verified publication date of the Simple Earn Agreement, not a verified original launch date. HTX Earn also contains product families outside flexible/fixed Simple Earn, which are excluded from this product identity.", "notes": "Promotional principal-return mechanics describe product redemption behavior and are not converted into a universal legal, custody or solvency guarantee." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000071", "slug": "coinex-flexible-savings", "canonical_name": "CoinEx Flexible Savings", "aliases": [ "CoinEx Financial Account", "Financial Account", "CoinEx Earn Flexible Savings" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for CoinEx Flexible Savings and its Financial Account predecessor. First-party materials still used Financial Account on 30 July 2025 and documented Flexible Savings from 31 July 2025 onward; the product remains active in 2026.", "what_happened": "CoinEx operated a flexible interest product under the Financial Account name and documented that product on 30 July 2025 as allocating margin-borrowing interest to users. A Flexible Savings help page was published on 31 July 2025, and an August 2025 product-upgrade announcement used the Flexible Savings name. Current product materials link yields to Margin Trading and Loans borrowing rates plus CoinEx subsidies and warn that redemptions can be delayed if idle Flexible Savings assets are insufficient until borrowers return coins. The exact original Financial Account launch date and formal rename date remain unresolved, so neither is invented.", "official_url_original": "https://www.coinex.com/en/flexible-earn", "official_domain_original": "coinex.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.coinex.com/en/flexible-earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "Reviewed first-party materials establish product continuity across the Financial Account and Flexible Savings naming period but do not establish the exact formal rename date or original predecessor launch date.", "notes": "Marketing descriptions such as low-risk or principal-protected are retained as company characterizations and do not establish a universal custody, title or solvency guarantee." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000072", "slug": "bingx-earn", "canonical_name": "BingX Earn", "aliases": [ "BingX Wealth", "BingX Flexible-Term Wealth", "BingX Fixed-Term Wealth" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2023-08-21", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for BingX Earn and its BingX Wealth predecessor. BingX officially launched Wealth on 21 August 2023 with flexible-term and fixed-term products; current first-party surfaces use the Earn name while retaining the same product family.", "what_happened": "BingX officially launched BingX Wealth on 21 August 2023 with flexible-term and fixed-term yield products. It later added Wealth as Margin, allowing subscribed USDT Wealth assets to be used as perpetual-futures margin while continuing to accrue interest unless liquidated. Current BingX product surfaces use the Earn label. Those surfaces market Earn as principal protected / profits guaranteed while also carrying a broad risk warning that digital-asset and derivatives activity can result in partial or total loss of account funds. CYA preserves both statements as attributed company language and does not convert the marketing claim into a universal legal, custody or solvency guarantee.", "official_url_original": "https://bingx.com/en/wealth/earn", "official_domain_original": "bingx.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://bingx.com/en/wealth/earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The 21 August 2023 date is the verified BingX Wealth launch date. The reviewed sources establish continuity into the current BingX Earn product family but do not establish the exact formal Wealth-to-Earn rename date, so no rename date is invented.", "notes": "The broader BingX exchange, Loan, Dual Investment and derivatives products are outside this product identity. Wealth-as-margin liquidation risk is recorded separately from ordinary flexible/fixed Earn redemption mechanics." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000073", "slug": "mexc-savings", "canonical_name": "MEXC Savings", "aliases": [ "MEXC Earn Savings", "MEXC Flexible Savings", "MEXC Fixed Savings" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for MEXC Flexible Savings and Fixed Savings. Current first-party materials in 2026 document active Savings products, variable non-guaranteed APR, flexible and fixed redemption rules, and explicit principal-loss and asset-use risks. An original Savings launch date is not inferred.", "what_happened": "MEXC continues to operate Flexible Savings and Fixed Savings within MEXC Earn. A January 2026 product update moved Flexible Savings interest calculation to an hourly basis effective 4 February 2026, and February 2026 materials document use of Flexible Savings assets as a funding source for futures positions. The March 2026 MEXC Earn Service Agreement states that Earn is not principal-protected, users can lose principal in whole or in part, MEXC may combine users' digital assets, and users authorize MEXC to deal with subscribed assets as it deems fit to generate returns. The same agreement states that APR can change and is not guaranteed. CYA excludes On-Chain Earn from this product identity.", "official_url_original": "https://www.mexc.com/earn", "official_domain_original": "mexc.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.mexc.com/earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources confirm active Flexible and Fixed Savings in 2026 but do not establish the original Savings launch date, so launch_date remains null. Product availability, supported assets, rates, lockups and jurisdiction eligibility change over time.", "notes": "On-Chain Earn, Futures Earn, Hold and Earn and other MEXC Earn families are outside this product identity unless separately reviewed." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000074", "slug": "bitfinex-margin-funding", "canonical_name": "Bitfinex Margin Funding", "aliases": [ "Bitfinex Lending Pro", "Bitfinex P2P Funding", "Bitfinex Funding Market" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2012-11-06", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bitfinex's peer-to-peer Margin Funding market. Bitfinex's own 2023 retrospective states that the platform launched on 6 November 2012 as a P2P margin-lending platform; current first-party support continues to document funding providers supplying funds to margin traders and earning interest.", "what_happened": "Bitfinex says it launched on 6 November 2012 as a peer-to-peer margin-lending platform for Bitcoin and later expanded the funding market to additional assets. Current Margin Funding documentation describes a P2P order-book model in which funding providers choose amount, rate and term, matched traders pay interest, and Bitfinex deducts funding fees. Bitfinex launched Lending Pro in July 2020 as an automation tool for managing lending in the existing margin-funding market rather than as a separate yield platform. Current risk guidance states that Margin Funding is not risk-free and that, in an extreme market move where liquidations and collateral fail broadly, losses could ultimately be shared with funding providers. CYA therefore treats collateralisation and Bitfinex's risk controls as platform mechanisms, not as a principal guarantee.", "official_url_original": "https://support.bitfinex.com/hc/en-us/articles/115003428165-Margin-Funding-on-Bitfinex", "official_domain_original": "bitfinex.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://support.bitfinex.com/hc/en-us/articles/115003428165-Margin-Funding-on-Bitfinex", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The 6 November 2012 date is supported by Bitfinex's own retrospective as the launch of Bitfinex as a P2P margin-lending platform; it is not asserted to be the first date on which the later 'Margin Funding' product label was used. Lending Pro's July 2020 launch is preserved as a separate automation milestone without inventing an exact July day.", "notes": "Bitfinex Borrow, Soft Staking, derivatives and other Bitfinex products are outside this product identity. Lending Pro is represented as an automation layer over Margin Funding, not as a separate canonical platform." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000075", "slug": "poloniex-earn", "canonical_name": "Poloniex Earn", "aliases": [ "Polo Earn", "Poloniex Flexible Savings", "Poloniex Fixed Earn", "Poloniex Savings" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2022-12-28", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Poloniex Earn / Polo Earn. Poloniex announced the rollout of Poloniex Earn on 28 December 2022, opened the first Polo Earn subscriptions on 4 January 2023, and continued launching flexible Earn products in 2026.", "what_happened": "Poloniex announced that it was rolling out Poloniex Earn on 28 December 2022 as a suite of cryptocurrency investment products, with the first Polo Earn subscriptions opening on 4 January 2023 at 00:00 UTC. Current product guidance describes flexible- and fixed-term products, daily interest, auto-subscription and redemption rules. Poloniex's introductory material characterises all Earn investment products as principal-protected, while launch and campaign notices also carry cryptocurrency high-market-risk warnings and disclaim liability for investment losses. CYA keeps the principal-protection statement attributed to Poloniex and does not convert it into a universal legal, custody or solvency guarantee. A March 2026 USAT Flexible launch confirms continuing operation.", "official_url_original": "https://www.poloniex.com/earn", "official_domain_original": "poloniex.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.poloniex.com/earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The 28 December 2022 date is the verified Poloniex Earn rollout date. The first Polo Earn subscriptions opened on 4 January 2023. Product-specific APY, quota, lock-up, redemption, supported assets and jurisdiction availability vary over time.", "notes": "Legacy Poloniex soft-staking programs and unrelated exchange products are outside this product identity unless separately reviewed." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000076", "slug": "flipster-earn", "canonical_name": "Flipster Earn", "aliases": [ "Flipster Earn Campaign", "Flipster Premium Earn", "Flipster Dynamic Earn" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2024-04-03", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Flipster Earn. First-party Flipster material verifies an Earn Campaign beginning on 3 April 2024, while current 2026 documentation shows Premium Earn and other Earn variants continuing under product-specific terms.", "what_happened": "Flipster's reviewed Earn Campaign FAQ states that the campaign began on 3 April 2024 at 00:00 UTC and paid variable daily rewards based on eligible USDT wallet balances. Current Premium Earn documentation shows an evolved Earn product in which allocated USDT can earn a floating APR while remaining usable as margin for certain perpetual-futures trading. Premium Earn terms impose a 24-hour lockup after a withdrawal request and reserve rights to restrict or suspend redemption in specified compliance, security, legal or force-majeure circumstances. CYA treats Premium Earn, Dynamic Earn and earlier campaign mechanics as product-specific variants within the Flipster Earn lineage rather than inventing one universal yield-source, custody or redemption model.", "official_url_original": "https://support.flipster.io/hc/en-us/articles/13129992485391-Premium-Earn-Explained", "official_domain_original": "flipster.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://support.flipster.io/hc/en-us/articles/9415760012687-Flipster-Earn-Campaign-240403-FAQ", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The 3 April 2024 date is the verified start of the reviewed Flipster Earn Campaign. It is not asserted to prove that no earlier Flipster yield or reward feature existed. Current Premium Earn and other Earn variants have distinct terms, reward sources and risk mechanics.", "notes": "The broader Flipster exchange, derivatives platform and non-Earn campaigns are outside this product identity. Current Premium Earn terms, rather than older promotional descriptions, govern the reviewed risk interpretation for that variant." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000077", "slug": "bitrue-power-piggy", "canonical_name": "Bitrue Power Piggy", "aliases": [ "Bitrue Flexible Staking", "Bitrue PowerPiggy" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bitrue Power Piggy. Multiple first-party Bitrue materials describe the flexible investment/staking service as launched in early 2019, and 2026 materials confirm continuing operation across a large set of supported assets. An exact launch day is not inferred.", "what_happened": "Bitrue describes Power Piggy as its long-running flexible investment and staking product and states in multiple first-party materials that it launched in early 2019. Reviewed product guides describe daily rewards and flexible redemption for standard Power Piggy positions, while separate BTR-linked and lockup products can use different caps, boost mechanics and holding periods. Bitrue's December 2025 outlook states that Power Piggy remained a core product entering 2026, and March 2026 material documents a live XRP flexible-staking pool with no lockup. CYA leaves launch_date null because the reviewed sources establish only early-2019 precision and do not support an exact day.", "official_url_original": "https://support.bitrue.com/hc/en-001/articles/4407129309337-Power-Piggy-Helping-You-Get-The-Most-Out-Of-Your-Coins", "official_domain_original": "bitrue.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://support.bitrue.com/hc/en-001/articles/4407129309337-Power-Piggy-Helping-You-Get-The-Most-Out-Of-Your-Coins", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed first-party sources establish that Power Piggy launched in early 2019 but do not establish the exact launch date, so launch_date remains null. Asset eligibility, APR, caps, BTR boosts, flexible redemption and lockup mechanics vary by product and period.", "notes": "Bitrue Launchpool, liquidity mining and other investment products are outside this product identity unless separately reviewed. Product marketing and APR campaigns are not treated as a principal, custody or solvency guarantee." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000078", "slug": "blofin-earn", "canonical_name": "BloFin Earn", "aliases": [ "BloFin Simple Earn", "BloFin Flexible Earn", "BloFin Fixed Earn" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for BloFin Earn. First-party materials document active Flexible and Fixed Earn products by August 2025 and current Simple Earn, Auto-Earn and governing terms in 2026. The reviewed sources do not establish the original umbrella-product launch date.", "what_happened": "BloFin's first-party Earn guidance documented flexible and fixed subscriptions by August 2025. Current March 2026 materials describe BloFin Simple Earn with flexible and fixed products, while the governing Earn Service Agreement states that users remain legal owners of deposited assets but entrust and authorize BloFin as an intermediary to perform actions on subscribed assets, including node voting and digital-asset gain. The agreement also states that principal repayment and displayed interest are not guaranteed, allows Auto-Earn subscriptions from eligible idle balances, and permits product-specific redemption timing. CYA therefore keeps the record product-scoped and does not convert the Simple Earn FAQ's safety language into a universal principal, custody or solvency guarantee.", "official_url_original": "https://blofin.com/earn", "official_domain_original": "blofin.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://blofin.com/earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish active BloFin Earn by August 2025 but do not establish the first launch date of the umbrella service, so launch_date remains null. Flexible, fixed and Auto-Earn products have different interest, lockup and redemption mechanics.", "notes": "BloFin Dual Investment and non-Earn trading products are outside this product identity. Current governing terms take precedence over promotional safety wording for canonical risk interpretation." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000079", "slug": "lbank-earn", "canonical_name": "LBank Earn", "aliases": [ "LBank Spot Earn", "LBank Locked Earn", "LBank Earn Center" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for LBank Earn. First-party late-2025 materials document Spot Earn, Locked and a one-stop Earn center, while the governing Earn Service Agreement explicitly states that Earn is not principal-protected and permits broad platform use of subscribed assets. An original umbrella Earn launch date is not inferred.", "what_happened": "LBank published an Earn Service Agreement on 28 November 2025 covering Spot Earn, Locked, Futures Earn and related services, and documented Spot Earn participation in December 2025. The agreement states that Earn does not provide principal protection and users can face partial or total principal loss. It permits LBank to aggregate user assets and authorizes use including pledging, lending, liquidity provision, hedging or participation in other projects to generate returns. Spot Earn guidance separately says first-month yield may be subsidized by LBank and later yield is based on arbitrage results from professional quantitative institutions. CYA does not generalize that Spot Earn yield source to every Locked, Futures Earn or other LBank Earn product.", "official_url_original": "https://www.lbank.com/earn-home", "official_domain_original": "lbank.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.lbank.com/earn-home", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish Earn operation by November 2025 and a December 2025 one-stop Earn-center upgrade, but do not establish the original launch date of the umbrella service, so launch_date remains null. Product-specific yield sources, lockups, rates and redemption rules vary.", "notes": "The canonical record covers LBank Earn as a product family; generic spot/futures trading is outside this identity. Marketing labels on individual products do not override the governing agreement's explicit principal-loss risk language." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000080", "slug": "toobit-earn", "canonical_name": "Toobit Earn", "aliases": [ "Toobit Flexible Earn", "Toobit Fixed Earn", "Toobit Flexible Earning", "Toobit Fixed Earning" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Toobit Earn. First-party materials document active Fixed and Flexible Earn products by April 2025 and continuing flexible/fixed operation through 2026. The reviewed sources do not establish the original umbrella-product launch date.", "what_happened": "Toobit documented BTC Fixed and Flexible Earn products on 24 April 2025, with subscription funds moved from Spot to the Earn account, variable Flexible APR, and product-specific fixed-term redemption rules. Current 2026 announcements continue to document Flexible and Fixed Earn across assets. Toobit's current Terms of Use identify Hopeful Technology Co. Ltd. as the contracting party for non-EU/EEA users and Elyndret Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością for EU/EEA users. The reviewed public Earn materials do not establish a product-specific legal-title, segregation or universal yield-source rule, so CYA preserves those boundaries as unresolved rather than inferring deposit-like protection from redemption mechanics or promotional return language.", "official_url_original": "https://www.toobit.com/en-US/support/toobit-earn-faqs", "official_domain_original": "toobit.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.toobit.com/en-US/support/toobit-earn-faqs", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish active Toobit Earn by 24 April 2025 but do not establish the original umbrella-service launch date, so launch_date remains null. Flexible and Fixed products differ in APR, lockup, redemption and availability. Product-specific legal title and underlying yield source remain unresolved in the reviewed public materials.", "notes": "The broader Toobit exchange, derivatives and non-Earn products are outside this product identity. Jurisdiction-specific contracting entities are preserved rather than collapsed into one universal entity interpretation." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000081", "slug": "bitunix-easy-earn", "canonical_name": "Bitunix Easy Earn", "aliases": [ "Bitunix Easy Earn Flexible Savings", "Bitunix Easy Earn Fixed-Term Savings", "Bitunix Flexible Savings" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bitunix Easy Earn. Current first-party materials document flexible and fixed-term savings, Spot-to-Earn account transfers, a 15% interest-distribution risk reserve and explicit product-loss disclaimers. The reviewed sources do not establish the original umbrella-product launch date.", "what_happened": "Bitunix's Easy Earn agreement, published on 14 August 2025 and updated on 28 May 2026, defines Flexible Savings and Fixed-Term Savings. Subscribed assets move from the Spot Account to the Earn Account, flexible interest accrues hourly, fixed-term interest follows term rules, and 15% of financial-income distribution is allocated to a risk reserve while 85% is used for user return distribution. The agreement states returns vary with market conditions and disclaims liability for fund losses arising from force majeure, system failures, hacking attacks or policy changes. Current Bitunix Earn surfaces continue to offer Easy Earn. CYA does not convert the risk reserve, repayment mechanics or promotional capital-protection wording from educational materials into a universal legal-title, custody or solvency guarantee.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bitunix.com/earn/financial-management", "official_domain_original": "bitunix.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bitunix.com/earn/financial-management", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-09", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish Easy Earn terms by August 2025 but do not establish the original umbrella-product launch date, so launch_date remains null. The public agreement defines account transfers, interest and risk-reserve mechanics but does not establish a universal segregated-deposit or trust structure.", "notes": "Bitunix Dual Investment and other Earn products are outside the Easy Earn identity unless separately reviewed. General Bitunix risk disclosure confirms that different Bitunix services carry distinct risks and does not create a fiduciary guarantee." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000082", "slug": "ascendex-earn", "canonical_name": "AscendEX Earn", "aliases": [ "AscendEX Staking", "AscendEX Fixed Earn", "AscendEX Flexible Earn" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for AscendEX Earn. First-party materials document exchange-hosted staking by 2021 and continuing Fixed Earn operation in 2026, while the current Earn surface spans staking, DeFi yield farming, liquidity mining and lending/borrowing. The reviewed sources do not establish one original umbrella-product launch date.", "what_happened": "AscendEX documented USDT and USDC staking on 2 August 2021 with daily rewards, regular and instant unbinding and use of staked assets as margin collateral. Current AscendEX Earn materials describe multiple yield generators, including staking, DeFi yield farming, liquidity mining and lending/borrowing, and a 20 March 2026 announcement documents continuing Fixed Earn operation through REUR fixed-term products. AscendEX's Staking Agreement states that designated tokens may be staked through third-party validators, while its Yield Farming Agreement states that designated tokens may be deposited into relevant DeFi smart contracts. Those mechanisms are product-specific and do not establish one universal custody, legal-title, segregation or principal-protection model for the entire Earn umbrella.", "official_url_original": "https://ascendex.com/en/earn", "official_domain_original": "ascendex.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://ascendex.com/en/earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-10", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish active AscendEX staking by August 2021 and current Fixed Earn operation in 2026 but do not establish the original umbrella AscendEX Earn launch date, so launch_date remains null. Yield source, custody, legal title, segregation, redemption and risk treatment vary by product.", "notes": "The broader AscendEX exchange, trading and non-Earn products are outside this product-scoped identity. Product-specific staking, yield-farming, liquidity-mining and lending mechanics are not generalized into one universal asset-treatment model." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000083", "slug": "bitpanda-earn", "canonical_name": "Bitpanda Earn", "aliases": [ "Bitpanda Staking", "Bitpanda Earn on Stablecoins", "Bitpanda Passive Earn" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Austria / Europe / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bitpanda Earn, the current umbrella spanning proof-of-stake rewards and stablecoin yield products. First-party materials document Bitpanda Staking from May 2022 and the addition of Earn on Stablecoins to the Bitpanda Earn suite in November 2025.", "what_happened": "Bitpanda launched Staking on 10 May 2022 with weekly rewards. On 13 November 2025 Bitpanda introduced Earn on Stablecoins as an addition to its Bitpanda Earn suite. Current first-party materials distinguish the mechanisms: staking rewards derive from proof-of-stake networks, while Earn on Stablecoins is a loan/title-transfer arrangement in which ownership passes to Bitpanda for the term of the Earn transaction and the customer is exposed to Bitpanda counterparty and insolvency risk. Those terms must not be generalized across every Bitpanda Earn product.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bitpanda.com/en/staking", "official_domain_original": "bitpanda.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bitpanda.com/en/staking", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-10", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish Bitpanda Staking from 2022 and identify the 2025 stablecoin product as part of a new Bitpanda Earn suite, but they do not establish one unambiguous original launch date for the current umbrella. Product-specific custody, title, redemption, protection and yield-source treatment differs materially.", "notes": "Earn on Stablecoins is explicitly described as unregulated, not a banking or deposit product, outside regulated custody during the Earn transaction, and not covered by deposit protection. These statements apply to that product and are not extended to Bitpanda Staking." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000084", "slug": "cex-io-earn", "canonical_name": "CEX.IO Earn", "aliases": [ "CEX.IO Staking", "CEX.IO Savings", "CEX.IO Flexible Savings", "CEX.IO Automated Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for CEX.IO Earn, an exchange-hosted umbrella covering staking and Savings products. First-party material documents Staking by 2020, Savings under the Earn umbrella by April 2021, and continuing Staking and Savings after the April 2025 suspension of the older Automated Staking program.", "what_happened": "CEX.IO documentation describes Staking as an Earn product tied to proof-of-stake participation and Savings as a separate product in which customer funds may facilitate lending and other crypto-market activity. An 8 April 2021 first-party update states that Savings entered open beta as a full-fledged service under the CEX.IO Earn umbrella. A 26 March 2025 notice announced that Automated Crypto Staking would be suspended on 1 April 2025 while introducing an updated reward structure for continuing Staking and Savings programs. The sunset therefore applies to the older Automated Staking program, not to the whole Earn umbrella.", "official_url_original": "https://earn.cex.io/", "official_domain_original": "cex.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://earn.cex.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-10", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish the Earn umbrella by April 2021 but do not prove its first launch date, so launch_date remains null. Current first-party Savings material also contains inconsistent presentation of Locked Savings availability; no universal current locked-product claim is made.", "notes": "Staking and Savings are treated as distinct product mechanisms. Jurisdictional availability, custody, legal title, redemption rules and reward rates are not generalized across all CEX.IO Earn products." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000085", "slug": "bitvavo-earn", "canonical_name": "Bitvavo Earn", "aliases": [ "Bitvavo Staking", "Bitvavo Flex Staking", "Bitvavo Fixed Staking", "Bitvavo Lending" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Netherlands / Europe / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bitvavo Earn, the current exchange-hosted Earn hub spanning Flex Staking, Fixed Staking and Lending. First-party materials identify different service providers and risk boundaries for Staking and Lending, so CYA does not collapse them into one universal asset-treatment model.", "what_happened": "Bitvavo currently offers an Earn hub covering Flex Staking, Fixed Staking and Lending. A 15 May 2025 first-party update introduced the current Flex/Fixed staking structure, while current first-party material documents Lending through Bitvavo Custody B.V. to professional counterparties and potentially margin users. Bitvavo states Staking is provided by Bitvavo B.V. and Lending by Bitvavo Custody B.V., and that both services are currently outside MiCA regulation. Flex and Fixed Staking also differ materially in liquidity and lock-up. The reviewed sources do not establish one original umbrella Earn launch date or one universal legal-title, custody, segregation or principal-protection treatment across all mechanisms.", "official_url_original": "https://bitvavo.com/en/earn", "official_domain_original": "bitvavo.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://bitvavo.com/en/earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-10", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed sources establish current Earn operation and the 2025 Flex/Fixed staking redesign but do not establish an original umbrella Bitvavo Earn launch date. Staking and Lending have different providers, counterparties, mechanics and regulatory treatment and require product-specific interpretation.", "notes": "Current first-party material states that Staking and Lending are outside MiCA regulation and that regulated-service safeguards may not apply. This does not by itself determine legal title or insolvency treatment for every product." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000086", "slug": "coinmetro-btc-earn", "canonical_name": "Coinmetro BTC Earn", "aliases": [ "BTC Earn", "Coinmetro Bitcoin Earn" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Estonia / Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Coinmetro BTC Earn, a current fixed-term Bitcoin reward program with 3, 6, 12 and 24 month terms and rewards paid in BTC. Coinmetro's first-party copies of the same launch article expose inconsistent publication-date metadata, so CYA does not assign an exact launch date.", "what_happened": "Coinmetro currently presents BTC Earn as a fixed-term reward program. The first-party launch article describes commitment terms of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months, real-time BTC reward accrual, forfeiture of rewards on early exit and return of the committed BTC balance at term end. Coinmetro states that rewards are generated and distributed through its internal infrastructure without external lending platforms, third-party protocols, wrapped assets or synthetic tokens. Official copies of the same article currently expose conflicting publication dates across host and locale variants, so CYA does not convert any one displayed date into an exact canonical launch date or dated launch event. Product mechanics and return statements are recorded as first-party claims, not as proof of principal protection, solvency, segregation, legal title or insolvency treatment. The broader Coinmetro on-chain staking and MARs/XCM ecosystem is outside this narrow product identity.", "official_url_original": "https://www.coinmetro.com/blog/earn-6-on-your-bitcoin-introducing-btc-earn-by-coinmetro", "official_domain_original": "coinmetro.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.coinmetro.com/blog/earn-6-on-your-bitcoin-introducing-btc-earn-by-coinmetro", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-10", "uncertainty_notes": "The product is current and its mechanics are documented by Coinmetro, but official copies of the same launch article expose conflicting publication dates, including different 2026 dates across host or locale variants. Exact launch_date therefore remains null. Reviewed public material also does not establish the underlying economic source of the internal reward, legal-title transfer, segregation or insolvency treatment.", "notes": "The statement that the full BTC balance is returned at term end is preserved only as a first-party product promise and is not converted into a CYA guarantee of principal, liquidity or solvency." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000087", "slug": "uphold-staking", "canonical_name": "Uphold Staking", "aliases": [ "Uphold Staking Program", "Uphold Flexible Staking", "Uphold Boosted Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Uphold's custodial staking service. Current first-party staking terms state that users retain ownership and beneficial ownership of eligible cryptoassets while staked and that Uphold retains custodial responsibility, while rewards and protocol-level risks arise from the relevant proof-of-stake network.", "what_happened": "Uphold currently offers staking for eligible cryptoassets held on its platform and delegates or locks those assets into third-party proof-of-stake networks. Current first-party U.S. and European staking terms state that staked eligible cryptoassets remain the user's property and that ownership is retained while Uphold retains custodial responsibility. Rewards are determined by the relevant network and are subject to protocol-level risks including slashing and unbonding constraints. First-party Cardano material confirms ADA staking through Uphold by 28 July 2022, but the reviewed sources do not establish one original umbrella Staking launch date across assets and jurisdictions, so CYA leaves launch_date unresolved.", "official_url_original": "https://support.uphold.com/hc/en-us/articles/11967029021339-Staking-Overview", "official_domain_original": "uphold.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://support.uphold.com/hc/en-us/articles/11967029021339-Staking-Overview", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-10", "uncertainty_notes": "Reviewed first-party materials establish current staking operation and ownership/custody language in current terms, and historical ADA staking by July 2022, but they do not establish one original umbrella launch date. Geographic availability and detailed terms vary by jurisdiction.", "notes": "Ownership and custody conclusions are limited to the reviewed current staking terms and must not be generalized beyond applicable jurisdictions or converted into a guarantee against protocol, custodian or insolvency risk." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000088", "slug": "hashkey-exchange-eth-staking", "canonical_name": "HashKey Exchange ETH Staking", "aliases": [ "HashKey ETH Staking", "HashKey Staking Service", "HashKey Earn ETH Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2026-03-26", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Hong Kong", "summary": "Product-scoped record for HashKey Exchange's ETH Staking service for exchange clients. The first-party launch announcement specifies a 26 March 2026 launch, a 32 ETH minimum, independent-node staking, network-dependent staking and unstaking queues, and a 20% service fee on generated rewards.", "what_happened": "HashKey Exchange announced ETH Staking for all exchange clients with service launch at 4:00 PM HKT on 26 March 2026. The service uses an independent-node staking model, requires an initial and minimum total amount of 32 ETH, and charges a 20% fee on rewards generated during the staking period. HashKey states that rewards are generated by Ethereum staking and are not fixed returns, with actual rewards depending on network and validator performance. First-party staking disclosure identifies Wancloud Limited, operated as HashKey Cloud, as a node validation service provider and describes validator, slashing and network risks. Reviewed public materials do not establish a universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-treatment conclusion for customer ETH.", "official_url_original": "https://support.hashkey.com/hc/en-gb/articles/56360295848473-HashKey-Earn-Channel-offers-ETH-Staking", "official_domain_original": "hashkey.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://support.hashkey.com/hc/en-gb/articles/56360295848473-HashKey-Earn-Channel-offers-ETH-Staking", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-10", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact product launch date and core mechanics are supported by first-party material. Legal-title transfer, asset segregation and insolvency treatment are not resolved by the reviewed public sources and remain unclear.", "notes": "Statements that principal and accrued rewards are returned when staking service conditions trigger termination are retained as first-party product promises, not converted into CYA principal-protection or solvency guarantees." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000089", "slug": "etoro-staking", "canonical_name": "eToro Staking", "aliases": [ "eToro Crypto Staking", "eToro Staking Service", "eToro Staking Program" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2020-10-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for eToro's custodial crypto staking service. eToro launched its dedicated staking service on 1 October 2020 with Cardano and TRON and later expanded the program to additional proof-of-stake assets and jurisdictions.", "what_happened": "eToro announced its dedicated staking service on 1 October 2020, initially providing monthly staking rewards for Cardano and TRON. Current first-party material documents a broader staking program with jurisdiction-specific eligibility and supported assets, network-derived rewards, intro periods and eToro-retained portions of staking yield. Both the original launch material and current staking surface state that staked cryptoassets remain the property of eToro users while eToro executes the staking procedure on their behalf. CYA preserves that express product statement while separately recording liquidity, slashing, protocol, market, regulatory, custody and platform risks; it is not treated as a guarantee of principal, segregation or insolvency outcome.", "official_url_original": "https://www.etoro.com/crypto/staking/", "official_domain_original": "etoro.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.etoro.com/crypto/staking/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-10", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2020 launch date is supported by first-party material. Staking eligibility, supported assets, opt-in behavior, contractual entity and detailed terms vary by jurisdiction, so ownership and custody wording is not generalized beyond the reviewed product statements.", "notes": "Statements that staked cryptoassets remain user property are recorded as first-party product language and do not establish protection against validator loss, slashing, platform failure, creditor claims or every jurisdiction's insolvency treatment." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000090", "slug": "robinhood-crypto-staking", "canonical_name": "Robinhood Crypto Staking", "aliases": [ "Robinhood Staking", "Robinhood Crypto SOL Staking", "Robinhood Crypto ETH Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2024-05-15", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "United States / Europe / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Robinhood Crypto's custodial staking service. Robinhood launched its first-ever crypto staking product for European customers on 15 May 2024 with Solana and later expanded staking to Ethereum in Europe and eligible U.S. customers.", "what_happened": "Robinhood Crypto launched its first-ever crypto staking product on 15 May 2024 for European customers, initially supporting Solana. Ethereum staking followed in Europe in November 2024, and Robinhood announced staking for eligible U.S. customers in June 2025. Current U.S. first-party material documents Solana, Ethereum and Cardano staking, protocol-derived variable rewards, bonding and unbonding constraints, slashing risk, third-party staking partner fees and Robinhood Crypto fees. The 2024 Europe launch states that customers own their crypto while Robinhood holds it on their behalf, but the current staking service spans distinct legal entities and jurisdictions. CYA therefore does not convert that regional statement into one universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-treatment conclusion.", "official_url_original": "https://robinhood.com/us/en/crypto/staking/", "official_domain_original": "robinhood.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://robinhood.com/us/en/crypto/staking/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-10", "uncertainty_notes": "The first-ever staking launch date is supported by Robinhood's 15 May 2024 Europe announcement. Current staking spans U.S. and European legal entities and jurisdiction-specific restrictions; reviewed public material does not establish one universal legal-title, segregation or insolvency-treatment model across all current customers.", "notes": "Network rewards are variable and not guaranteed. Current U.S. material describes third-party staking partner fees plus Robinhood Crypto fees and protocol-level bonding, unbonding and slashing risks." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000091", "slug": "bitstamp-earn-staking", "canonical_name": "Bitstamp Earn Staking", "aliases": [ "Bitstamp Earn", "Bitstamp ETH Staking", "Bitstamp Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2021-07-13", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Europe / Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bitstamp's custodial staking service under Bitstamp Earn. Bitstamp made Ethereum staking fully public on 13 July 2021 after an April 2021 early-access rollout and continues to offer staking in supported jurisdictions.", "what_happened": "Bitstamp began gradually rolling out Ethereum staking with early access on 22 April 2021 and announced the full public ETH-staking launch under Bitstamp Earn on 13 July 2021. Later first-party material documented additional staking products and jurisdictions. Bitstamp ended ALGO staking on 1 April 2025 because of the Algorand protocol transition, while explicitly directing users to other staking and lending options in Bitstamp Earn rather than announcing an Earn-wide shutdown. Current first-party material documents continuing staking, protocol-derived rewards, a 15% service commission and jurisdiction-specific availability. CYA treats the 13 July 2021 date as the reviewed full public launch and keeps asset, network, legal-entity and jurisdiction boundaries explicit.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bitstamp.net/crypto-staking/", "official_domain_original": "bitstamp.net", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bitstamp.net/crypto-staking/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "Bitstamp began a gradual ETH-staking rollout in April 2021 before the reviewed full public launch on 13 July 2021. Current staking availability and contracting entity vary by jurisdiction and supported asset. Product-specific staking changes, including the 2025 ALGO wind-down, are not treated as a platform-wide Earn shutdown.", "notes": "Current Bitstamp educational material states that customers maintain full ownership of crypto assets when staking with Bitstamp Earn and that Bitstamp acts as service provider, but CYA does not convert that product statement into a universal guarantee of segregation, principal protection or insolvency outcome across every legal entity and jurisdiction." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000092", "slug": "revolut-crypto-staking", "canonical_name": "Revolut Crypto Staking", "aliases": [ "Revolut Staking", "Revolut Crypto Earn Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Europe / Global / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Revolut's in-app proof-of-stake crypto staking service. Current first-party materials document multi-asset staking, protocol-derived rewards, token-specific staking and unstaking mechanics, and beneficial-ownership language while Revolut continues holding staked cryptoassets on the customer's behalf.", "what_happened": "Revolut currently offers in-app staking for supported proof-of-stake cryptoassets. Current first-party product, help and legal materials describe delegated staking through third-party validators or partners, network-dependent reward generation, token-specific warm-up and lock-up or unbonding periods, non-guaranteed rewards, market and slashing risk, and jurisdiction-specific fees and availability. Current terms state that Revolut continues holding staked cryptoassets on the user's behalf and that the user remains the beneficial owner. The reviewed first-party sources do not establish one exact original umbrella launch date for Revolut Crypto Staking, so CYA leaves launch_date unresolved and does not create a launch event.", "official_url_original": "https://www.revolut.com/crypto/staking/", "official_domain_original": "revolut.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.revolut.com/crypto/staking/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "Current operation and staking mechanics are strongly supported by first-party material, but the reviewed sources do not establish one exact original launch date. Contracting entity, fee schedule, supported tokens, automatic-staking behavior and some safeguards vary by jurisdiction and terms version.", "notes": "Beneficial-ownership language is preserved as an attributed current product/terms statement. It is not converted into a universal conclusion about legal title, asset segregation, principal protection or insolvency treatment across every Revolut entity and jurisdiction." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000093", "slug": "bitso-earnings", "canonical_name": "Bitso Earnings", "aliases": [ "Bitso Earn", "Bitso+", "Bitso Yields" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Latin America / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped umbrella record for Bitso's current Earnings program, which pays weekly yields on eligible cryptoassets while balances remain available. Current first-party material documents distinct yield methods including proof-of-stake assets and specialized third-party yield providers.", "what_happened": "Bitso currently operates an Earnings product that credits eligible users with weekly yields on supported stablecoins and proof-of-stake assets. Current first-party help material documents flexible withdrawals and transactions while Earnings is enabled, dynamic rates for ETH, ADA, DOT, ATOM and SOL, and separate stablecoin rates. Bitso's current staking explainer states that Bitso handles supported proof-of-stake participation, while a current Bitso+ product guide states that some yields are sourced from specialized third-party yield providers. Bitso also presents other yield methods such as Aave-related and U.S.-Treasury-bill options. CYA therefore keeps yield-source and product boundaries explicit and does not infer one universal counterparty, legal-title or custody model. The reviewed sources do not establish one exact original umbrella launch date, so launch_date remains unresolved.", "official_url_original": "https://bitso.com/products/earnings", "official_domain_original": "bitso.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://bitso.com/products/earnings", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "The current umbrella product is strongly supported, but the reviewed first-party sources do not establish one original launch date or one universal yield source, counterparty, legal-title, custody or insolvency treatment across every supported asset and jurisdiction.", "notes": "Bitso Earnings is modeled as one umbrella platform record with product-specific mechanics preserved below it. Marketing language about ease, flexibility or safety is not converted into principal, segregation or insolvency guarantees." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000094", "slug": "luno-staking", "canonical_name": "Luno Staking", "aliases": [ "Luno Earn Staking", "Luno Stake", "Luno Staking Wallet" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Malaysia / Nigeria / South Africa / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Luno's custodial proof-of-stake service. Current first-party material documents regional availability, dedicated staking wallets, selected staking service providers, validator-node infrastructure and network-derived rewards.", "what_happened": "Luno currently offers staking to eligible customers in Malaysia, Nigeria and South Africa, with supported assets and interface labels varying by region. Current first-party help material states that Luno connects customers to a selected staking service provider and moves staking-wallet crypto into dedicated validator-node blockchain addresses. Luno's current Staking Terms state that staked cryptoassets are not transferred to the third-party validator, Luno continues holding them on the user's behalf, and the user remains beneficial owner. The terms also document warm-up periods, protocol rules, variable network/validator rewards and slashing risk that may affect rewards or principal. The current Terms are dated June 2023 but are not treated as proof of the service's original launch date, so launch_date remains unresolved.", "official_url_original": "https://www.luno.com/en-gb/staking", "official_domain_original": "luno.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.luno.com/en-gb/staking", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "Current operation, custody and staking mechanics are strongly supported. The reviewed first-party sources do not establish one exact original launch date. Contracting entity, supported assets, availability and some reward mechanics vary by region and terms version.", "notes": "Beneficial-ownership language is preserved as an express current staking-terms statement and is not converted into a universal guarantee of legal segregation, principal protection or insolvency outcome." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000095", "slug": "ndax-staking", "canonical_name": "Ndax Staking", "aliases": [ "Ndax Stake", "Ndax Crypto Staking", "NDAX Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2022-02-15", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Canada", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Ndax's Canadian proof-of-stake service. Ndax launched its first flexible crypto staking program on 15 February 2022 and current first-party material documents continued multi-asset staking through third-party validators.", "what_happened": "Ndax announced on 15 February 2022 that its first flexible crypto staking program was available starting that day, initially supporting ETH, DOT and ADA. Current Ndax policy and relationship materials document opt-in staking, experienced third-party validator operators, network/protocol-dependent rewards, bonding and unbonding, redemption options, non-guaranteed rewards, slashing/on-chain risks and administration fees. Ndax's current User Agreement states users receive full rights, interests and title to Virtual Assets purchased on the platform and describes custody arrangements for assets left on-platform. CYA records those express terms without converting staking availability or security claims into a principal or insolvency guarantee.", "official_url_original": "https://ndax.io/en/staking", "official_domain_original": "ndax.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://ndax.io/en/staking", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "Current staking operation and 2022 launch are strongly supported. Reward rates, supported assets, bonding/unbonding and fees can change. CYA does not treat custody/security disclosures as a guarantee against protocol, validator, platform or insolvency risk.", "notes": "Ndax serves Canadian residents and current legal material describes title/custody safeguards for on-platform Virtual Assets. Staking-specific risks and third-party validator dependencies remain explicit." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000096", "slug": "valr-staking", "canonical_name": "VALR Staking", "aliases": [ "VALR Crypto Staking", "VALR Liquid Staking", "VALR Stake" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2023-06-27", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "South Africa / Global", "summary": "Product-scoped record for VALR's on-chain proof-of-stake service. VALR officially launched staking on 27 June 2023 with SOL and AVAX and current governing terms preserve account-holder ownership of staked assets while VALR facilitates protocol staking.", "what_happened": "VALR announced on 27 June 2023 that it had officially launched crypto staking, initially supporting SOL and AVAX. Current VALR Terms of Service document opt-in on-chain proof-of-stake staking, transfer of staked assets into a separate account for protocol facilitation, protocol-derived rewards, configurable commissions, unstaking delays and slashing risk. The same current terms explicitly state that rights, title and ownership of staked assets remain with the eligible account holder, that the assets are held for the account holder and are not VALR property, and that they are not subject to claims of VALR creditors. CYA preserves those express current terms while keeping market, validator, protocol and operational risk separate from ownership treatment.", "official_url_original": "https://www.valr.com/", "official_domain_original": "valr.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.valr.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2023 launch and current staking terms are strongly supported. Supported assets, commissions, reward rates, unstaking timing and product presentation can change. Current ownership/creditor language is terms-version specific and should be reverified when terms change.", "notes": "VALR's current terms contain unusually explicit ownership and creditor-treatment language for staked assets. This does not eliminate protocol, validator, slashing, market or platform-operational risk." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000097", "slug": "newton-earn-staking", "canonical_name": "Newton Earn (Staking)", "aliases": [ "Newton Earn", "Newton Staking", "Newton Crypto Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Canada", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Newton's custodial proof-of-stake Earn/Staking service. Current first-party materials document approved validators, custodian-controlled staking wallets, protocol-derived rewards, fees, bonding and unbonding, and slashing risk while customer cryptoassets remain beneficially owned by customers and held in trust.", "what_happened": "Newton currently offers Earn/Staking for supported proof-of-stake assets. Current first-party help and legal materials describe approved validators, custodian-controlled omnibus or dedicated staking arrangements, protocol-dependent rewards, staking fees, bonding and unbonding periods, and slashing, validator, protocol and market risks. Newton's current terms state that account Digital Assets are fully-paid assets beneficially owned by customers, not Newton, and held in trust; current staking terms further state that staked assets remain attributed to the user's account and custody, possession and control are not transferred to validators. The reviewed sources do not establish one exact original staking launch date, so CYA leaves launch_date unresolved and does not create a launch event.", "official_url_original": "https://help.newton.co/hc/en-us/articles/27437521971731-What-is-Newton-Earn-Staking", "official_domain_original": "newton.co", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://help.newton.co/hc/en-us/articles/27437521971731-What-is-Newton-Earn-Staking", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "Current operation, beneficial-ownership/trust language and staking mechanics are strongly supported by first-party material, but the reviewed sources do not establish one exact original launch date. Supported assets, validators, reward rates, fees, bonding/unbonding timing and legal terms can change.", "notes": "Customer-owned treatment is limited to the express current beneficial-ownership, trust and staking-custody language reviewed by CYA. It does not establish principal protection, guaranteed rewards or immunity from protocol, validator, slashing, market, custody, regulatory or insolvency-related risk." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000098", "slug": "wealthsimple-crypto-staking", "canonical_name": "Wealthsimple Crypto Staking", "aliases": [ "Wealthsimple Staking", "Wealthsimple Crypto Earn Staking" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Canada", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Wealthsimple's custodial crypto staking service. Current first-party materials document supported proof-of-stake assets, approved third-party validators, custodian wallets, variable protocol-derived rewards, fees, warm-up/cool-down periods and slashing risk while customer cryptoassets are described as beneficially owned by customers and held in trust.", "what_happened": "Wealthsimple currently offers staking for supported cryptoassets including SOL, ETH, ADA and DOT through approved third-party validators from custodial wallets. Current first-party help, fee and risk materials describe variable and non-guaranteed rewards, staking fees, network-specific warm-up and cool-down periods, validator dependence and slashing risk. Wealthsimple's current Crypto Product Risk Disclosure states that customer cryptoassets are fully-paid assets beneficially owned by customers, held in trust and separated from Wealthsimple's own assets. The reviewed sources do not establish one exact original staking launch date, so CYA leaves launch_date unresolved and does not create a launch event.", "official_url_original": "https://help.wealthsimple.com/hc/en-ca/articles/8800241895835-Stake-your-crypto-assets", "official_domain_original": "wealthsimple.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://help.wealthsimple.com/hc/en-ca/articles/8800241895835-Stake-your-crypto-assets", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "Current staking operation, custody model and beneficial-ownership/trust language are strongly supported by first-party material, but the reviewed sources do not establish one exact original launch date. Supported assets, validators, rewards, fees, timing and legal disclosures can change.", "notes": "Customer-owned treatment is grounded in current beneficial-ownership, trust and separation language. It is not a guarantee of principal, rewards, validator performance, liquidity, market value or freedom from operational, regulatory or insolvency-related risk." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000099", "slug": "bit2me-earn", "canonical_name": "Bit2Me Earn", "aliases": [ "Bit2Me Earn Staking", "Bit2Me Earn ETH 2.0" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Spain / Europe", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Bit2Me Earn, a centralized yield service governed by dedicated first-party terms. Current terms describe users transferring and locking eligible cryptoassets in favor of Bit2Me for variable rewards and permit Bit2Me to transfer, dispose of or use those assets during the Earn period.", "what_happened": "Bit2Me currently operates Earn for supported cryptoassets under product-specific legal terms. The reviewed terms state that users transfer and lock eligible assets in favor of Bit2Me and authorize Bit2Me to transfer, dispose of or use them during the Earn period. Rewards and product conditions are variable, and current material documents withdrawal, suspension and service-specific risks. Separate ETH 2.0 terms document proof-of-stake staking within Bit2Me Earn, but that later ETH rollout is not treated as the original launch date of the broader Earn product. The reviewed first-party sources do not establish one exact original broad Earn launch date, so CYA leaves launch_date unresolved and creates no launch event.", "official_url_original": "https://legal.bit2me.com/en/support/solutions/articles/35000290581", "official_domain_original": "bit2me.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://legal.bit2me.com/en/support/solutions/articles/35000290581", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "Current operation and the Earn-specific transfer/use-of-assets boundary are supported by first-party legal material, but the reviewed sources do not establish one exact original launch date for the broad Earn product. Reward rates, supported assets, withdrawal conditions and governing terms can change.", "notes": "Do not apply ordinary Bit2Me wallet custody assumptions to assets placed into Earn. The platform-owned classification is limited to the express Earn-specific transfer and Bit2Me use/disposal rights reviewed by CYA and is not a claim that every Bit2Me product has the same legal treatment." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000100", "slug": "coinmerce-earn", "canonical_name": "Coinmerce Earn", "aliases": [ "Coinmerce Earn Program", "Coinmerce Yield Account", "Coinmerce Earn Yield Services" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Netherlands / Europe", "summary": "Product-scoped record for Coinmerce Earn, operated through a Yield Account and Coinmerce Earn B.V. Current first-party terms define the client as lender and Coinmerce Earn as borrower of eligible cryptoassets, which may be used for on-lending and staking to generate yield.", "what_happened": "Coinmerce currently operates an Earn Program through a Yield Account and Coinmerce Earn B.V. The reviewed first-party terms create a lending relationship in which the client is lender and Coinmerce Earn is borrower. Eligible assets dedicated to Earn leave the ordinary Foundation custody structure and may be used by Coinmerce Earn for on-lending or staking with third parties to generate yield. Current material documents weekly rewards and Yield Account risks and distinguishes Earn assets from ordinary Foundation-held custody balances. The reviewed first-party sources do not establish one exact original Earn launch date, so CYA leaves launch_date unresolved and creates no launch event.", "official_url_original": "https://support.coinmerce.io/en/articles/178721-what-is-earn", "official_domain_original": "coinmerce.io", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://support.coinmerce.io/en/articles/178721-what-is-earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-11", "uncertainty_notes": "Current operation and the lender/borrower structure are supported by first-party material, but the reviewed sources do not establish one exact original Earn launch date. Reward rates, eligible assets, counterparties and governing terms can change.", "notes": "Do not generalize Coinmerce's ordinary Foundation custody segregation to assets placed into Earn. The platform-owned classification is product-scoped to the explicit lending agreement under which Coinmerce Earn B.V. borrows the dedicated assets." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000101", "slug": "xora-finance", "canonical_name": "XORA Finance", "aliases": [ "XORA", "Xora Finance" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Sweden / Global", "summary": "Custodial XRP yield platform using a shared XRPL treasury with per-user destination tags and off-chain balance accounting. Current first-party material says the native XRP yield is treasury-subsidized during bootstrap, while future XRPL AMM and lending allocations remain roadmap items.", "what_happened": "XORA operates a custodial XRP yield service using a shared XRPL treasury and per-user destination tags. Current first-party materials state that deposited balances are held in XORA-managed custodial wallets, that the native XRP yield is currently subsidized from a finite treasury reserve, and that withdrawal holds or limits may be imposed for security or compliance purposes. CYA independently reproduced one successful 29,899.8 XRP payment on 2026-07-13 to the XORA-attributed treasury with destination tag 287588244. On 2026-08-03 and 2026-08-04, claimant Hwan published a withdrawal dispute and screenshots depicting a support explanation tying the same destination tag to a manual AML hold, plus a separate conflicting phishing/no-account explanation. Those screenshots are claimant-published evidence, not authenticated XORA internal records. The requested withdrawal destination, final settlement, customer outcome, and operating legal entity remain unresolved. CYA does not classify the case as fraud, scam, insolvency, permanent loss, or a platform-wide withdrawal suspension.", "official_url_original": "https://xora.finance/", "official_domain_original": "xora.finance", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://xora.finance/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-12", "uncertainty_notes": "Current custody, yield-source and withdrawal-control language are supported by XORA's June 2026 materials, and the 29,899.8 XRP deposit leg is independently reproduced on XRPL. However, CYA has not independently authenticated the claimant-published support screenshots, verified the requested withdrawal destination or final settlement, established the claimant's ultimate customer outcome, or identified a verified operating legal entity. Stockholm/Sweden is recorded as operating origin, not as a legal-incorporation conclusion.", "notes": "Keep the incident boundary narrow. Active status means current first-party materials and the live site present XORA as operating; it does not imply that every user can withdraw without delay. Do not infer platform-wide withdrawal suspension, fraud, insolvency, reserve sufficiency, or customer loss from the documented dispute." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000102", "slug": "izaka-ya", "canonical_name": "IZAKA-YA", "aliases": [ "IZAKAYA", "Izakaya", "IZAKA-YA Wallet" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Hong Kong", "summary": "Active crypto lending wallet operated by Izakaya Limited, with selectable lending terms, daily or periodic interest mechanics, and repeated promotional annualized-rate campaigns. Public first-party materials establish the product but do not fully resolve lending counterparty, asset-ownership, custody-deployment, insurance, yield-source, or regulatory-authorization questions.", "what_happened": "IZAKA-YA operates an account-based crypto wallet with a lending function. First-party instructions require users to fund the wallet, select an amount and lending period, review estimated interest and contract content, and state that principal plus interest are returned to the wallet after the lock period. The operator page identifies Izakaya Limited at a Hong Kong address and states a December 2023 service-start month without an exact day. During 2026 the platform advertised multiple temporary high-rate campaigns, including 33%, 100%, 500%, a 1000% APR-equivalent switching campaign, and an August campaign combining 100% annualized lending with a transfer bonus described as an effective 150% annualized rate, subject to eligibility, duration, and reward caps. CYA records those figures as issuer-advertised campaign terms, not verified realized customer returns.", "official_url_original": "https://izakaya.tech/en/", "official_domain_original": "izakaya.tech", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/*/https://izakaya.tech/en/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-23", "uncertainty_notes": "The company page supports Izakaya Limited and a Hong Kong operating address, while the public website terms state Cayman Islands governing law. The public terms are generic website terms rather than complete lending-product terms, and the logged-in lending flow appears to present separate contract content. Current first-party lending material also warns that crypto-lending principal is not guaranteed. Do not infer the exact lending counterparty, legal ownership transfer, rehypothecation/deployment mechanics, deposit insurance, licensing, universal repayment performance, or economic source and sustainability of promotional yields from the reviewed public pages.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000107. The December 2023 service-start month is preserved in narrative only because an exact launch day is not established. No failure, insolvency, withdrawal freeze, haircut, or adverse customer-outcome event is established by the reviewed sources. Canonical inclusion and active status are not safety endorsements." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000103", "slug": "btcc-earn", "canonical_name": "BTCC Earn", "aliases": [ "BTCC Flexible Earn", "BTCC Fixed Earn", "BTCC Simple Earn", "BTCC Flexible Savings" ], "type": "exchange_earn", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2026-02-11", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Poland / jurisdiction-dependent", "summary": "Product-scoped record for BTCC Earn, launched on 11 February 2026 with Flexible Earn and a limited new-user Fixed Earn promotion. Current first-party support continues to document flexible and fixed interest-bearing subscription products, while current product surfaces warn that annualized returns are not actual or guaranteed returns.", "what_happened": "BTCC launched BTCC Earn on 11 February 2026. The launch announcement advertised Flexible Earn at up to 20% APY and a new-user two-day Fixed Earn promotion at 300% APY. Current support documentation states that Flexible Earn accrues and settles interest hourly and can be redeemed at any time, while current Fixed Earn is term-based and early redemption forfeits interest. CYA preserves these rates and return mechanics as issuer-advertised product terms rather than verified realized customer returns. Current BTCC disclosures identify BTCC POLAND LIMITED as BTCC while preserving legacy BTCC Lithuania Limited UAB handling for certain historic EU accounts, so operator treatment remains jurisdiction-dependent.", "official_url_original": "https://www.btcc.com/en-US/earn/simple-earn?source=menu", "official_domain_original": "btcc.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.btcc.com/en-US/earn/simple-earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-13", "uncertainty_notes": "Current first-party support/privacy material identifies BTCC POLAND LIMITED in Lodz, Poland, but historic EU account services can involve BTCC Lithuania Limited UAB and product access varies by jurisdiction. CYA therefore does not treat Poland as one universal historical contracting entity for every account. Public support establishes product mechanics, not universal realized yield, repayment performance, deposit insurance, or principal protection.", "notes": "The broader BTCC exchange, futures, copy trading and other non-Earn products are outside this product identity. The current Simple Earn surface explicitly warns that annualized return does not represent actual or guaranteed return." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000104", "slug": "jbank", "canonical_name": "JBank", "aliases": [ "JBANK", "JBank Protocol", "JBank Staking", "JUC (JBank)", "JUB Staking" ], "type": "defi_lending", "architecture": "defi", "status": "limited", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / decentralized / JuCoin-associated", "summary": "Decentralized self-custody banking protocol launched by JuCoin with staking and lending functions. JBank remains online, but a 4 December 2025 first-party notice changed the return and release path for unsold long-term staked assets by moving them into an International Version with either delayed or performance-based release and no static returns during the waiting or unlocking period.", "what_happened": "JuCoin described JBank as an already-launched Web3 decentralized self-custody banking and financial protocol in June 2025. Later JBank material documented Flexible, 180-day and 365-day staking with auto-compounding rewards. On 4 December 2025 JBank announced an International Version for users whose long-term staked assets had not been sold: users could wait for release to begin after six months or accelerate release through performance-based unlocking, while static returns would not accrue during either route. CYA treats this material change in access and return mechanics as sufficient historical relevance for a narrow DeFi/staking exception, while preserving that JBank is self-custodial/on-chain rather than a centralized deposit account.", "official_url_original": "https://jbank.vip/", "official_domain_original": "jbank.vip", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://jbank.vip/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-13", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact original JBank protocol launch date was not established. JuCoin's June 2025 notice calls the project token JUC on JuChain, while later/current JBank material uses JUB; the reviewed sources do not establish the exact rename, migration or replacement chronology. The December 2025 notice describes release beginning after six months or performance-based acceleration, but the reviewed evidence does not establish universal completion of release for all affected long-term stakers.", "notes": "JBank is included as a historically significant staking/outcome exception despite CYA's general DeFi deprioritization. Public phrases such as guaranteed returns, predictable rewards or high APY are issuer/project marketing claims and are not treated as verified realized yield, principal protection or proof of solvency." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000105", "slug": "smart-crypto-lending", "canonical_name": "Smart Crypto Lending", "aliases": [ "SCL", "SmartCryptoLending", "スマートクリプトレンディング" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active Japanese centralized crypto lending service operated by Mirising Co., Ltd. The company states that Smart Crypto Lending began in June 2025, while the current terms define fixed-term crypto consumption-loan contracts under which customers lend crypto to the company and receive the same asset plus contract interest at maturity.", "what_happened": "Mirising Co., Ltd. states that Smart Crypto Lending began service in June 2025, but does not publish an exact launch day, so CYA leaves launch_date unset rather than inventing a date. Current first-party terms define 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month crypto lending contracts. Customers send crypto to a company-designated wallet; after the term, principal plus same-asset interest is placed in the customer's service wallet and may be withdrawn under the published process. The terms also state that the transaction is not a deposit, is not deposit-insured, the borrowed crypto is not subject to statutory segregated management under the cited exchange-business framework, and the lending is unsecured. Current website rates, cold-wallet/security language, risk-management descriptions and investment-strategy statements are preserved only as issuer claims, not independent proof of realized returns, reserves, solvency or principal protection.", "official_url_original": "https://scllending.com/", "official_domain_original": "scllending.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://scllending.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-14", "uncertainty_notes": "The first-party company page establishes only a June 2025 service-start month, not an exact launch day. Current published rates and product/security descriptions can change and are not independently verified performance, reserve, insurance or solvency evidence. The terms permit rate changes and describe circumstances in which withdrawals can be delayed or refused, including market stress, concentrated return requests, legal or operational constraints.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000122 after candidate-only PR #209 passed the hardened full-corpus scanner as the sole draft-eligible candidate." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000106", "slug": "bitlending", "canonical_name": "BitLending", "aliases": [ "Bit Lending", "ビットレンディング" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active Japanese centralized crypto lending service operated by J-CAM. First-party materials describe a crypto consumption-loan structure in which customers lend crypto to the company and receive lending fees, with the company owing return of the same type and quantity of crypto under the individual contract.", "what_happened": "BitLending currently operates as a Japanese crypto lending service of 株式会社J-CAM. Current first-party terms state that an individual lending contract is formed when a user sends an eligible crypto asset to the company-designated wallet and the required conditions are met. The company sets the lending-fee rate under the agreement, monthly lending fees are credited into the lent balance, and users generally cannot request return for the first 30 days. After a valid return request, the terms state that the company normally sends the same type and quantity of crypto within seven business days, while also permitting postponement when concentrated return requests or similar conditions make timely return difficult. Public APYs, security controls, asset-deployment descriptions and regulatory-readiness statements are recorded only as issuer claims, not independent proof of realized return, reserves, solvency, guarantees or regulatory approval.", "official_url_original": "https://bitlending.jp/", "official_domain_original": "bitlending.jp", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://bitlending.jp/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-14", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact original service launch day has not been established from the reviewed first-party material, so launch_date remains unset rather than inferred. Current lending-fee/APY figures and statements concerning cold-wallet/security controls, portfolio construction, asset deployment, risk management and future regulatory compliance are issuer claims and may change. The terms allow lending conditions and rates to change and allow return timing to be postponed in defined circumstances.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000123 after candidate-only PR #212 passed the hardened full-corpus scanner with one draft-eligible candidate." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000107", "slug": "hashhub-lending", "canonical_name": "HashHub Lending", "aliases": [ "HashHubレンディング", "HashHub Lending Service" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active Japanese centralized crypto-asset lending service currently operated by SBI Digital Finance Inc. Customers lend crypto assets to the operator under a lending / quasi-consumption-loan structure and receive lending fees according to published conditions.", "what_happened": "HashHub Lending remains active under SBIデジタルファイナンス株式会社. On 2024-04-01, a company split transferred the HashHub Lending service and related contractual rights and obligations from 株式会社HashHub to the newly established SBIデジタルファイナンス株式会社. Current first-party materials describe customer assets as borrowed by the operator and potentially deployed through arbitrage, third-party lending, staking and DeFi. In 2026, new DAI lending intake ended on 2026-05-20 and DAI lending-fee accrual stopped from 2026-07-01, while BTC, ETH, USDC, XRP and SOL lending remained advertised. Published rates, security language and deployment descriptions are issuer claims, not independent evidence of realized returns, reserves, guarantees or solvency.", "official_url_original": "https://www.hashhub-lending.com/", "official_domain_original": "hashhub-lending.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.hashhub-lending.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-14", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed first-party material does not establish a sufficiently reliable exact original launch day, so launch_date remains unset. Current lending-fee rates, security/risk-management statements, asset-deployment descriptions and legal/regulatory characterizations remain issuer statements and may change. The operator-transition event is exact to 2024-04-01 from first-party company-split documentation.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000124 after candidate-only PR #215 passed the hardened full-corpus scanner with one draft-eligible candidate." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000108", "slug": "coincheck-lending", "canonical_name": "Coincheck Lending", "aliases": [ "Coincheck 貸暗号資産サービス", "Coincheck貸暗号資産サービス", "Coincheck 貸仮想通貨サービス" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active centralized crypto-asset lending product operated by Coincheck, Inc. Customers enter fixed-term crypto consumption-loan contracts with Coincheck and receive the same quantity/equivalent crypto plus a contract usage fee at maturity under current product terms.", "what_happened": "Coincheck Lending remains active in 2026. Current first-party materials describe fixed-term 14, 30, 90, 180 and 365-day lending arrangements subject to Coincheck approval and borrowing-capacity limits. The product page expressly distinguishes the lending contract from Coincheck's registered crypto-asset exchange service: borrowed lending assets are not covered by the exchange-business segregated-management framework, the contract is unsecured, and the service is not a deposit or deposit-insurance product. Coincheck warns that lent crypto may not be returned if the company fails. Published annualized rates and operational/regulatory descriptions are issuer statements, not independent proof of realized returns, principal protection or solvency.", "official_url_original": "https://coincheck.com/ja/lending", "official_domain_original": "coincheck.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://coincheck.com/ja/lending", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-14", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed first-party evidence confirms the product existed by a 2023-03-22 lending-terms amendment and remains active in 2026, but does not establish a sufficiently reliable exact original launch day. No launch date or launch event is invented. Current annualized rates, borrowing capacity and product availability may change.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000125 after candidate-only PR #218 passed the hardened full-corpus scanner with exactly one draft-eligible candidate." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000109", "slug": "gmo-coin-lending-basic", "canonical_name": "GMO Coin Lending Basic", "aliases": [ "GMOコイン 貸暗号資産ベーシック", "貸暗号資産ベーシック", "GMO Coin Crypto Lending Basic" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active fixed-term crypto-asset lending product operated by GMOコイン株式会社. Customers lend crypto assets to GMO Coin and receive lending fees under the applicable Basic course and current product rules.", "what_happened": "GMO Coin Lending Basic remains active in 2026, with first-party recruitment notices confirming continued intake for selected assets and terms subject to capacity. First-party records show the predecessor '貸暗号資産' service was already operating in June 2020 and underwent course/rate changes effective July 2020, but the reviewed evidence does not establish the exact original launch day. Current product disclosures characterize the transaction as a crypto-asset consumption loan, state that it is not a crypto-asset exchange transaction, state that borrowed assets are not subject to exchange-business segregated-management requirements, and warn that lent assets may not be returned if GMO Coin fails. Published lending rates, course availability and risk/operational statements are issuer terms and claims, not independent evidence of realized returns, guarantees, reserves or solvency.", "official_url_original": "https://coin.z.com/jp/corp/product/info/lending/", "official_domain_original": "coin.z.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://coin.z.com/jp/corp/product/info/lending/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-14", "uncertainty_notes": "First-party materials establish the lending service by June 2020 and current operation in 2026, but do not establish a sufficiently reliable exact original launch date. Current lending rates, asset/term availability, capacity and early-termination terms can change. This record is Basic only; the separate Premium product adds derivative / yen-conversion mechanics and is not silently combined here.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000126 after candidate-only PR #221 passed the hardened full-corpus scanner with exactly one draft-eligible candidate." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000110", "slug": "pbr-lending", "canonical_name": "PBR LENDING", "aliases": [ "PBR Lending", "Portobello Road PBR LENDING", "PBR レンディング" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active Japanese crypto-asset lending service operated by Portobello Road株式会社. Customers lend crypto assets to the company under consumption-loan contracts and receive contractual interest under Regular or Premium lending plans.", "what_happened": "PBR LENDING is currently active and is presented by Portobello Road株式会社 as its crypto-asset lending business. Current first-party terms define individual customer-to-company crypto-asset consumption-loan contracts, with Regular and Premium plans using different lock periods and advertised rates. The operator states that borrowed crypto is used in crypto-market operations and/or business investments. Current terms also state that the arrangement is not a deposit or deposit-insurance product, is not crypto-asset exchange business, provides no physical or personal collateral, and leaves customers as general creditors in company insolvency. CYA records the operator's published economic model and contractual terms without treating advertised rates, security claims, internal reserve claims, business-investment performance or repayment claims as independently verified realized performance, guarantees, reserves or solvency evidence.", "official_url_original": "https://www.pbr-portobelloroad.com/", "official_domain_original": "pbr-portobelloroad.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.pbr-portobelloroad.com/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The current public site describes a third-anniversary campaign, but the reviewed first-party sources do not establish a sufficiently reliable exact original launch date, so launch_date remains null. Advertised rates, campaign terms, asset support and lock/return procedures can change. Operational separation language in the Terms is not treated as legal trust protection; the same Terms state that customers become general creditors in insolvency.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000128 after candidate-only PR #226 passed the hardened full-corpus scanner with exactly one draft-eligible candidate." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000111", "slug": "fuelhash-cryptolending", "canonical_name": "FUELHASH CRYPTOLENDING", "aliases": [ "CRYPTOLENDING", "FUELHASH Crypto Lending", "FUELHASH クリプトレンディング", "クリプトレンディング", "CRYPTOTREND" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2022-11-07", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active Japanese crypto-asset lending service operated by 株式会社FUELHASH. Current terms define direct customer-to-FUELHASH lending contracts with flexible and fixed lending mechanics, including fixed-rate CRYPTOLENDING and variable-rate CRYPTOTREND products.", "what_happened": "FUELHASH announced CRYPTOLENDING on 2022-11-02 for service start on 2022-11-07. Current first-party terms continue to define a direct crypto-asset lending arrangement in which users lend eligible assets or tokens to FUELHASH and the company owes return of the same type and quantity plus contractual interest. The terms distinguish flexible lending from fixed lending, with fixed lending including the fixed-rate CRYPTOLENDING product and variable-rate CRYPTOTREND. They also state that the service is not crypto-asset exchange business, that the exchange-business segregated-management obligations described in the terms do not apply, and that FUELHASH may be unable to return borrowed customer assets if the company fails. CYA records current marketing statements such as high rates, stable operation and principal-guarantee language strictly as operator claims and not as independently verified guarantees, licensing validation, insurance, reserve proof, realized returns or solvency evidence.", "official_url_original": "https://fuel-hash.com/product/cryptolending/", "official_domain_original": "fuel-hash.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://fuel-hash.com/product/cryptolending/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The reviewed first-party material establishes the 2022-11-07 service start and current contract mechanics, but does not independently establish the economic source of every interest payment, current solvency, reserve sufficiency or universal realized repayment. Current marketing uses principal-guarantee language while the Terms separately disclose that company failure can make return of borrowed assets impossible; CYA preserves both statements without converting the marketing claim into an independent guarantee.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000129 after candidate-only PR #229 passed the hardened full-corpus scanner against the 110-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000112", "slug": "sbi-vc-trade-lending", "canonical_name": "SBI VC Trade 貸コイン", "aliases": [ "SBI VCトレード 貸コイン", "SBI VC Trade Lending", "貸コイン", "VCTRADE 貸コイン" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2022-01-26", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active crypto-asset lending service operated by SBI VCトレード株式会社. Customers lend eligible crypto assets or electronic payment instruments to SBI VC Trade under consumption-loan terms and receive the same asset principal plus a contractual lending fee.", "what_happened": "SBI VC Trade announced the start of 貸コイン on 2022-01-26. Current first-party materials continue to describe the product as a consumption-loan transaction, with principal plus a usage/lending fee returned in the same eligible asset under course-specific terms and no mid-term cancellation after the applicable cutoff or contract formation. Current disclosures identify return risk because lent assets are managed as SBI VC Trade assets. A first-party Flare lending disclosure further states for that contract that lent assets fall outside exchange-custody segregated-management treatment, SBI VC Trade may relend borrowed assets, the lending is unsecured, and insolvency can cause partial or total non-return. CYA preserves product-specific differences and does not assume every current course uses the Flare-specific contract verbatim.", "official_url_original": "https://www.sbivc.co.jp/services/lending", "official_domain_original": "sbivc.co.jp", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.sbivc.co.jp/services/lending", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-15", "uncertainty_notes": "Current lending assets, course lengths, annual rates and product-specific legal documents can change. The Flare disclosure is strong first-party evidence of SBI VC Trade's lending legal model but is product-specific and is not generalized verbatim to every course. SBI VC Trade's exchange registration is not treated as making lent principal segregated, insured or guaranteed.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000130 after candidate-only PR #232 passed the hardened full-corpus scanner against the 111-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000113", "slug": "line-bitmax-lending", "canonical_name": "LINE BITMAX 暗号資産貸出サービス", "aliases": [ "LINE BITMAX Lending", "BITMAX 暗号資産貸出サービス", "BITMAX Lending", "LINE BITMAX 貸出" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2020-10-07", "end_date": "2026-06-01", "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Historical crypto-asset lending service launched by LVC Corporation for BITMAX and later operated within LINE BITMAX under LINE Xenesis株式会社. The overall LINE BITMAX service ended on 2026-06-01.", "what_happened": "LVC Corporation announced BITMAX crypto-asset lending with service start on 2020-10-07. Later first-party help material documents variable-period and fixed-period lending courses, including fixed-term contracts that generally could not be cancelled during the term and returned principal plus a contractual lending fee at maturity under the published mechanics. LINE BITMAX later operated under LINE Xenesis株式会社. On 2026-03-03 LINE Xenesis / LY Corporation announced that the entire LINE BITMAX service would end on 2026-06-01. The shutdown plan states that lending applications were stopped and existing lending contracts would be ended sequentially. The platform shutdown date is not treated as the exact end date of every individual lending contract. Remaining customer crypto assets after service end were subject to the published conversion-and-return procedure; that procedure is not treated as proof of universal historical lending performance.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bitmax.me/endofservice_info", "official_domain_original": "bitmax.me", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bitmax.me/endofservice_info", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact final date of every outstanding lending contract is not established as a single date. Launch and later published lending rates are issuer product terms, not independently verified realized returns. Preserve the launch-era LVC Corporation and shutdown-era LINE Xenesis株式会社 operator transition.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000131 after candidate-only PR #235 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 112-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000114", "slug": "bitbank-lending", "canonical_name": "bitbank 暗号資産を貸して増やす", "aliases": [ "bitbank 貸して増やす", "暗号資産を貸して増やす", "bitbank Lending" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active centralized crypto-asset lending service operated by Bitbank, Inc. Current first-party material documents one-year maturity, contractual lending-fee return mechanics, early termination, and a custody boundary distinct from ordinary segregated exchange custody.", "what_happened": "bitbank currently operates its crypto-asset lending service. First-party support states that the standard maturity is one year after contract formation and that the lent crypto plus the prescribed usage/lending fee is returned within the published return window after maturity. First-party support also documents early termination through support subject to an early-termination fee. In its Ethereum PoW fork guidance, bitbank explicitly distinguished ETH lent through the service from the segregated-management balance used for ordinary exchange custody in that context. CYA therefore records lending counterparty exposure and does not generalize ordinary exchange-custody protections to lent balances. Annual transaction-report guidance establishes operation by historical reporting periods but does not establish an exact original launch date, so no launch date is inferred.", "official_url_original": "https://bitbank.cc/", "official_domain_original": "bitbank.cc", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://bitbank.cc/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-17", "uncertainty_notes": "Exact original launch date is not established by the reviewed first-party evidence. Published lending-fee rates are issuer product terms, not independently verified realized returns. Current return mechanics do not establish universal historical repayment performance.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000132 after candidate-only PR #270 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 113-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000115", "slug": "bitpoint-lending", "canonical_name": "BITPOINT 貸して増やす", "aliases": [ "BITPOINT Lending", "ビットポイント 貸して増やす", "BITPOINT 暗号資産レンディング" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2020-11-26", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active crypto-asset lending service launched by BITPOINT on 2020-11-26. Customers lend crypto assets under a consumption-loan contract and receive equivalent crypto plus a contractual lending fee under the published terms.", "what_happened": "BITPOINT announced the launch of its crypto-asset lending service on 2020-11-26. Current first-party materials describe a consumption-loan contract in which customers lend crypto assets to BITPOINT, with lending periods and lending-fee rates fixed per offering. The current service detail states that equivalent crypto and the lending fee are returned on the day after the lending period ends and that mid-term cancellation is unavailable. BITPOINT explicitly states that the service is not a crypto-asset exchange service under the Payment Services Act and that assets lent through the service are not subject to statutory segregated management. The product is also stated not to be a deposit-like product or deposit-insurance covered.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bitpoint.co.jp/service/lending/", "official_domain_original": "bitpoint.co.jp", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bitpoint.co.jp/service/lending/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-17", "uncertainty_notes": "Published launch/current lending rates are issuer product terms, not independently verified realized returns. Current return mechanics do not establish universal historical repayment performance. Exchange-service custody protections must not be generalized to lent balances.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000133 after candidate-only PR #273 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 114-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000116", "slug": "bittrade-lending", "canonical_name": "BitTrade 貸暗号資産", "aliases": [ "BitTrade Lending", "ビットトレード 貸暗号資産", "貸して増やす" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active centralized crypto-asset lending service operated by BitTrade. First-party terms describe an unsecured consumption-loan exposure outside statutory segregated management, with offering-specific lending periods and contractual lending fees.", "what_happened": "BitTrade currently operates a crypto-asset lending service. First-party materials state that after application the lent crypto is locked, individual contracts are in principle not cancellable mid-term, and the lent crypto plus contractual lending fee is returned within the published return window after the lending period. BitTrade explicitly states that the service is not crypto-asset exchange business under the Payment Services Act, that lent assets are not subject to statutory segregated management, and that customers have no priority repayment right over other creditors. The agreement is described as an unsecured consumption-loan contract, and BitTrade warns that lent crypto may not be returned if BitTrade fails. Historical first-party campaign records establish prior operation but do not establish the exact original launch day, so CYA does not infer one.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bittrade.co.jp/ja-jp/financial/intro", "official_domain_original": "bittrade.co.jp", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bittrade.co.jp/ja-jp/financial/intro", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-17", "uncertainty_notes": "Exact original launch date is not established by the reviewed first-party evidence. Published lending rates are issuer product terms, not independently verified realized returns. Current return mechanics do not establish universal historical repayment performance.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000134 after candidate-only PR #276 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 115-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000117", "slug": "okj-lending", "canonical_name": "OKJ 貸暗号資産", "aliases": [ "OKJ Lending", "OKCoinJapan 貸暗号資産", "OKCoin Japan Lending" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2025-02-28", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active centralized crypto-asset lending service operated by OKCoin Japan K.K. (OKJ). First-party materials describe fixed-term crypto consumption-loan products where customers lend crypto assets to OKJ and receive principal plus contractual lending fees.", "what_happened": "OKJ announced the Web launch of its 貸暗号資産 service for 2025-02-28 at 17:00 JST. Current first-party materials state that customers lend crypto assets to OKJ under a consumption-loan arrangement, with principal and contractual lending fees returned according to offering-specific lending and return terms. Early cancellation is available, but no lending fee is paid on early cancellation and return follows the specified return schedule. OKJ explicitly states that the product is not a deposit or deposit-like product, is not covered by deposit insurance, and that lent assets are not subject to statutory segregated management. OKJ warns that lent crypto may not be returned if the company fails.", "official_url_original": "https://www.okcoin.jp/pages/products/lending.html", "official_domain_original": "okcoin.jp", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.okcoin.jp/pages/products/lending.html", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-17", "uncertainty_notes": "Published lending rates are issuer product terms, not independently verified realized returns. Current contractual mechanics do not establish universal historical repayment performance. Exchange-service custody protections are not generalized to lent balances.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000135 after candidate-only PR #279 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 116-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000118", "slug": "cointrade-lending", "canonical_name": "CoinTrade Lending", "aliases": [ "CoinTradeレンディング", "コイントレードレンディング", "CoinTrade Lending Service" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active fixed-term crypto-asset lending service offered by CoinTrade, operated by Mercury Inc. Customers lend crypto assets for a specified period and receive contractual lending rewards under season-specific terms.", "what_happened": "CoinTrade's current first-party service guide states that its lending service launched in June 2024. Current support materials describe an active fixed-term lending product with season-based applications, lending rewards and return procedures. Mid-term cancellation is in principle unavailable; if an exception is approved, no lending reward is paid and a cancellation fee equal to 10% of the application quantity applies. The reviewed first-party material establishes the launch month but not a sufficiently reliable exact original launch day, so CYA does not manufacture a date.", "official_url_original": "https://support.coin-trade.cc/hc/ja/categories/34317281402137-CoinTrade-Lending", "official_domain_original": "coin-trade.cc", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://support.coin-trade.cc/hc/ja/categories/34317281402137-CoinTrade-Lending", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-17", "uncertainty_notes": "The launch month is supported as June 2024, but an exact original launch day is not established. Published lending rates and rewards are issuer product terms, not independently verified realized returns. Dedicated lending-term custody and segregation treatment is not generalized from ordinary exchange-service disclosures without product-specific authority.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000137 after candidate-only PR #284 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 117-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000119", "slug": "hashkey-japan-lending", "canonical_name": "HashKey Japan 貸暗号資産", "aliases": [ "HashKey Japan Lending", "Tokyo Hash 貸暗号資産", "Tokyo Hash Lending" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2021-12-15", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active fixed-term crypto-asset lending service currently branded HashKey Japan and launched by Tokyo Hash on 2021-12-15. Customers lend crypto assets under a consumption-loan arrangement and receive the same type/equivalent quantity plus contractual lending fees at maturity.", "what_happened": "Tokyo Hash announced the lending service launch for 2021-12-15. The current HashKey Japan first-party page continues to describe the service as an active fixed-term crypto-asset consumption-loan product, with maximum 100-day lending periods, no mid-term cancellation in principle, crypto-denominated lending fees, and operator-described deployment of borrowed assets within HashKey Group.", "official_url_original": "https://www.tokyohash.jp/lending/index.html", "official_domain_original": "tokyohash.jp", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.tokyohash.jp/lending/index.html", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-20", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2021-12-15 launch is supported by first-party launch authority under Tokyo Hash. The exact date and legal mechanics of the later Tokyo Hash to HashKey Japan branding/entity transition are not inferred here. Published rates and HashKey Group operation statements remain issuer terms/claims rather than independently verified realized returns, reserves, segregation, insurance, solvency or guaranteed repayment.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000140 after candidate-only PR #292 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 118-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000120", "slug": "bitflyer-teiki-kashicoin", "canonical_name": "bitFlyer 定期貸しコイン", "aliases": [ "bitFlyer Lending", "定期貸しコイン", "bitFlyer Crypto Lending" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Active fixed-period crypto-asset lending service offered by bitFlyer. Customers lend eligible crypto assets to bitFlyer for a preset period and receive contractual lending fees under round-specific terms.", "what_happened": "bitFlyer's current first-party FAQ defines 定期貸しコイン as a fixed-period crypto-asset lending service and states that customer-requested mid-term cancellation is unavailable. A first-party 2026-05-29 announcement documents the fourth lending round, confirming continued operation. The reviewed material does not establish the original product launch date, so CYA does not manufacture one.", "official_url_original": "https://bitflyer.com/ja-jp/faq/lending", "official_domain_original": "bitflyer.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://bitflyer.com/ja-jp/faq/lending", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-21", "uncertainty_notes": "The original launch date is unresolved. Published annual rates are issuer product terms, not independently verified realized returns. Dedicated lending custody, segregation, insolvency priority, insurance and principal protection are not inferred beyond reviewed first-party lending authority.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000141 after candidate-only PR #296 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 119-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000121", "slug": "bitmex-earn", "canonical_name": "BitMEX EARN", "aliases": [ "BitMEX Earn", "BitMEX EARN USDT", "BitMEX EARN XBT" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "unknown", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2021-11-30", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global", "summary": "Fixed-term crypto yield product launched by BitMEX in 2021. First-party notices document USDT and later XBT EARN products with contractual principal-plus-interest at maturity; current operational status remains unresolved in this review pass.", "what_happened": "BitMEX announced EARN on 2021-11-30 as a fixed-term interest-bearing product. Later first-party notices expanded the product set. Historical marketing described EARN as backed by the BitMEX insurance fund, but CYA preserves that only as an operator claim and does not treat it as independent proof of solvency, segregation, enforceability or guaranteed repayment.", "official_url_original": "https://www.bitmex.com/blog/introducing-bitmex-earn", "official_domain_original": "bitmex.com", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.bitmex.com/blog/introducing-bitmex-earn", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-22", "uncertainty_notes": "Current product operation is unresolved. Published APRs are issuer terms, not independently verified realized returns. Insurance-fund backing is recorded only as an operator claim.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000143 after candidate-only PR #302 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 120-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000122", "slug": "coindcx-earn", "canonical_name": "CoinDCX Earn", "aliases": [ "CoinDCX Simple Earn", "DCX Lend", "CoinDCX Lend" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "India / product-jurisdiction specific", "summary": "Current CoinDCX Earn product for deploying supported virtual digital assets into yield-generating opportunities for variable returns over selected durations. Legacy DCX Lend is preserved as product history without assuming unchanged legal or custody terms.", "what_happened": "Current first-party help material documents CoinDCX Earn as an active yield product with minimum holding periods, variable earning rates, early-exit consequences, discretionary product changes and partial or complete loss risk. Earlier DCX Lend material establishes historical lending functionality, but the original Earn launch date and continuity of legal terms remain unresolved.", "official_url_original": "https://support.coindcx.com/articles/simple-earn/what-is-earn/63dd43d2217f487e38b3e9ad", "official_domain_original": "coindcx.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": null, "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-23", "uncertainty_notes": "Original Earn launch date is unresolved. Legacy DCX Lend and current Earn are linked only as product history; unchanged legal entity, custody, ownership and return mechanics are not inferred.", "notes": "Promoted in Phase 10 from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000144 after candidate-only PR #306 passed the hardened exact-head scanner against the 121-platform canonical corpus." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000123", "slug": "coinswitch-earn", "canonical_name": "CoinSwitch EARN", "aliases": [ "CoinSwitch Earn", "CoinSwitch EARN" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2023-11-21", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "India", "summary": "CoinSwitch EARN is a centralized proof-of-stake rewards service offered by Bitcipher Labs LLP, using third-party validators for supported assets and allowing user-initiated unlocks.", "what_happened": "CoinSwitch launched EARN on 2023-11-21 for supported proof-of-stake assets. Current terms describe validator-based staking and CoinSwitch states user crypto is not lent or loaned to third parties.", "official_url_original": "https://coinswitch.co/earn", "official_domain_original": "coinswitch.co", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": null, "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-23", "uncertainty_notes": "Reviewed sources do not establish one universal legal-title, segregation, insolvency-priority or custody model across all supported assets and validators.", "notes": "Promoted from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000145 after exact-head Candidate scan passed in PR #310." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000124", "slug": "mudrex-earn", "canonical_name": "Mudrex Earn", "aliases": [ "Mudrex Earn", "Mudrex Earn Products", "Mudrex Vault" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": "2024-06-11", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "India / Global", "summary": "Mudrex Earn is a centralized crypto yield feature launched in June 2024 for supported assets, with current Mudrex material continuing to list Earn Products.", "what_happened": "Mudrex launched Earn on 2024-06-11 and announced the migration of legacy Vault users into Earn later that month. Reviewed first-party materials describe staking-oriented mechanics for some assets and later material also discusses lending, so no single yield mechanism is generalized across all assets.", "official_url_original": "https://mudrex.com/blog/how-to-earn-crypto-rewards-using-mudrex/", "official_domain_original": "mudrex.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": null, "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-23", "uncertainty_notes": "Product mechanics vary by supported asset. Reviewed sources do not establish one universal legal-title, segregation, insolvency-priority or yield-source model across all Earn assets.", "notes": "Promoted from duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000146 after exact-head Candidate scan passed in PR #313." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000125", "slug": "kinza-finance", "canonical_name": "Kinza Finance", "aliases": [ "Kinza", "Kinza Finance Money Market" ], "type": "defi_lending", "architecture": "defi", "status": "limited", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / BNB Chain ecosystem", "summary": "Kinza Finance is a decentralized lending protocol whose mainnet market entered a restricted state by 2026-08-23, with new supply and borrow disabled while repay and withdraw remained available.", "what_happened": "On 2026-08-23 the Kinza market UI displayed a restriction notice stating that new supply and borrow functions were disabled while repay and withdraw remained open. The public app was still reachable but exposed no market rows in the public crawl, while the main Kinza landing page still described the Secure Money Market as LIVE NOW. CYA therefore records a limited-operation state, not a shutdown or insolvency conclusion.", "official_url_original": "https://app.kinza.finance/", "official_domain_original": "kinza.finance", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": null, "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-23", "uncertainty_notes": "No reviewed first-party shutdown, insolvency, loss, haircut, or withdrawal-suspension announcement has been found. Marketing copy and the restricted/empty app state are inconsistent, so the platform is kept at limited pending stronger authority.", "notes": "Time-sensitive canonical addition from Issue #319 / #320 and PR #318. The trigger artifact is a contemporaneous Kinza market screenshot preserving the exact restriction notice." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000126", "slug": "zebpay-earn", "canonical_name": "ZebPay Earn", "aliases": [ "ZebPay Earn", "ZebPay Fixed-term Earn" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "India / Global", "summary": "ZebPay Earn is a current fixed-term crypto yield product with 30, 60 and 90 day options for supported assets.", "what_happened": "Current ZebPay first-party materials document fixed-term Earn products with maturity credit of the invested crypto plus earnings and early-exit mechanics that forfeit earnings without a principal penalty. The exact original launch date remains unresolved.", "official_url_original": "https://zebpay.com/earn", "official_domain_original": "zebpay.com", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": null, "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-23", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact original launch date is unresolved. Reviewed materials do not establish universal legal-title, segregation, insolvency-priority, insurance or guaranteed-principal treatment for Earn balances.", "notes": "Promotion follows duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000147; exact-head Candidate scan passed in candidate PR #316. Reallocated from stale PR #328 because current main already assigned platform 125 / batch 85 to Kinza Finance." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000127", "slug": "smart-lending", "canonical_name": "Smart Lending", "aliases": [ "SmartLending", "スマートレンディング" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Japan", "summary": "Smart Lending is a Japanese crypto-asset lending service whose current first-party terms describe unsecured consumption-loan contracts with fixed lending periods and stated annualized interest rates.", "what_happened": "Current first-party materials identify Smart Lending Co., Ltd. as operator and describe 30-day ordinary and 365-day premium crypto lending. The terms state that ownership of lent crypto transfers to the company, lent assets are outside statutory segregated management, and repayment may fail if the company becomes insolvent.", "official_url_original": "https://smartlending.jp/", "official_domain_original": "smartlending.jp", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": null, "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-26", "uncertainty_notes": "The exact original service-launch date is unresolved. Advertised 11%/13% annualized rates, yield-source explanations and reserve/return-preparation statements are operator claims and are not independently verified realized returns, proof of sustainability, reserves or solvency.", "notes": "Promotion follows duplicate-clear candidate cya_candidate_000148 and candidate PR #339. No GEMFOREX or IZAKA-YA affiliation is asserted; relationship claims remain separately bounded under Issue #337." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000128", "slug": "neutrl", "canonical_name": "Neutrl", "aliases": [ "Neutrl NUSD", "NUSD", "sNUSD" ], "type": "structured_yield", "status": "withdrawals_suspended", "failure_reason": "liquidity_crisis", "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "unknown", "summary": "DeFi protocol associated with NUSD and sNUSD that paused protocol functions in August 2026 after identifying an issue affecting a strategy position and the liquidity of part of protocol reserves.", "what_happened": "Neutrl said it paused relevant smart contracts after identifying a reserve-liquidity issue affecting a strategy position. In a later update it reported approximately USD 27 million in available liquid assets, said additional positions and associated PnL remained illiquid, and said the timing, amount and recovery value of those positions could not yet be confirmed. It announced work on an early-redemption mechanism for NUSD and sNUSD holders while warning users against trading during the assessment period.", "official_url_original": "https://www.neutrl.finance/", "official_domain_original": "neutrl.finance", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": null, "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-30", "uncertainty_notes": "The final recoverable value of illiquid positions, any holder haircut, the exact redemption date, and the final outcome for NUSD and sNUSD holders were not established in the reviewed August 2026 sources. The incident should not be classified as a hack, smart-contract exploit, bankruptcy or completed insolvency event on current evidence.", "notes": "Added as a bounded current incident record. Historical reserve snapshots are date-specific and must not be arithmetically treated as a proven loss amount against the later USD 27 million liquid-assets disclosure." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000129", "slug": "more-markets", "canonical_name": "MORE Markets", "aliases": [ "More Markets", "MORE" ], "type": "defi_lending", "architecture": "defi", "networks": [ "Flow EVM" ], "status": "active", "failure_reason": null, "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / Flow ecosystem", "summary": "Non-custodial DeFi lending protocol on Flow EVM. On 2026-08-31, Blockaid reported an exploit affecting the mFlowWFLOW lending reserve and estimated detector impact near USD 9.3 million; MORE Markets said it was investigating the claim.", "what_happened": "Blockaid reported that an attacker used an Ankr bonded liquid-staking token together with MORE Markets' E-Mode configuration to remove approximately 15.5 million WFLOW from the mFlowWFLOW lending reserve. MORE Markets publicly said it was investigating a claim that it had been exploited and would publish findings. CYA records the incident without treating the initial USD estimate, technical mechanism, bad debt, user loss or recovery as final until the protocol or a technical post-mortem confirms them.", "official_url_original": "https://more.markets/", "official_domain_original": "more.markets", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://more.markets/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-31", "uncertainty_notes": "MORE Markets had not confirmed a final loss amount, final root cause, bad-debt amount, lender loss allocation, recovered-fund amount or compensation plan in the reviewed same-day material. The reported approximately USD 9.3 million figure is Blockaid's initial detector-impact estimate, not a final audited loss.", "notes": "Time-sensitive DeFi canonical addition. Status remains active because the reviewed evidence establishes an incident and investigation, but not a platform-wide shutdown, insolvency, bankruptcy or permanent suspension." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000130", "slug": "tectonic", "canonical_name": "Tectonic", "aliases": [ "Tectonic Finance", "TectonicFi" ], "type": "defi_lending", "architecture": "defi", "networks": [ "Cronos" ], "status": "limited", "failure_reason": "unknown", "launch_date": null, "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Global / Cronos", "summary": "Decentralized lending protocol on Cronos. In August 2026 it was affected by a major exploit in which contemporaneous reporting estimated roughly USD 74-75 million in affected or attacker-controlled assets before the Cronos network was halted.", "what_happened": "On 2026-08-30, Tectonic was reported to have suffered an exploit on Cronos. Contemporary reporting described rapid manipulation of TONIC's price followed by borrowing against inflated collateral, but Tectonic had not published a final root-cause determination in the sources reviewed for this record. Roughly USD 6 million was reported bridged to Ethereum before the chain halt, while most remaining exploit-linked assets were stranded or frozen on Cronos. Frozen or stranded assets are not treated as recovered funds.", "official_url_original": "https://tectonic.finance/", "official_domain_original": "tectonic.finance", "official_url_status": "live_verified", "archived_url": null, "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-09-01", "uncertainty_notes": "Final confirmed loss, formal root cause, bad-debt allocation, recovery amount, lender impact and final protocol-remediation outcome were not established in the reviewed sources. The approximately USD 74-75 million figure is retained as a contemporaneous estimate, not a final confirmed loss.", "notes": "Canonicalized as a bounded current DeFi lending incident. Do not infer that Cronos, Crypto.com or the TONIC token itself was independently compromised beyond what incident evidence establishes." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000001", "slug": "celsius", "canonical_name": "Celsius Network", "aliases": [ "Celsius", "Celsius Network LLC" ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "insolvency", "launch_date": "2017-01-01", "end_date": "2024-02-29", "country_or_origin": "United States", "summary": "Crypto lending and interest account platform that paused withdrawals in June 2022, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in July 2022, and later exited bankruptcy with creditor distributions and a wind-down of platform operations.", "what_happened": "Celsius grew as a crypto interest and lending platform, halted withdrawals during the 2022 market crisis, entered Chapter 11, and later emerged from bankruptcy with distributions to creditors and a wind-down of its consumer platform.", "official_url_original": "https://celsius.network/", "official_domain_original": "celsius.network", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://celsius.network/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-03", "uncertainty_notes": "Recovery and asset treatment varied by product and claim class. This seed record should be upgraded with direct bankruptcy docket references before being treated as complete.", "notes": "First deep seed record for CYA. Evidence includes secondary reporting and should be supplemented with bankruptcy court documents." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000002", "slug": "blockfi", "canonical_name": "BlockFi", "aliases": [ "BlockFi Inc." ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2017-01-01", "end_date": "2023-10-24", "country_or_origin": "United States", "summary": "Digital asset lender and interest account provider that paused activity after FTX collapsed, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2022, and later emerged from bankruptcy to wind down operations and pursue recoveries.", "what_happened": "BlockFi was exposed to FTX and Alameda-related credit risk. After the FTX collapse, BlockFi restricted platform activity, filed for bankruptcy, and later emerged from Chapter 11 to liquidate assets and distribute recoveries.", "official_url_original": "https://blockfi.com/", "official_domain_original": "blockfi.com", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://blockfi.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-03", "uncertainty_notes": "Customer recoveries depended on product type and bankruptcy recoveries from FTX, Alameda, and related claims. Direct plan documents should be added in a later pass.", "notes": "First deep seed record for CYA." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000003", "slug": "voyager-digital", "canonical_name": "Voyager Digital", "aliases": [ "Voyager", "Voyager Digital Ltd." ], "type": "borrow_lend_platform", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": "2023-05-19", "country_or_origin": "United States / Canada", "summary": "Crypto brokerage and yield/lending-related platform that suspended trading, deposits, withdrawals, and rewards in July 2022 after large exposure to Three Arrows Capital, then filed for Chapter 11 and entered a liquidation and customer recovery process.", "what_happened": "Voyager disclosed major exposure to Three Arrows Capital, suspended platform activity, filed for Chapter 11, pursued sale transactions that failed after FTX and Binance.US-related complications, and moved into a wind-down and distribution process.", "official_url_original": "https://www.investvoyager.com/", "official_domain_original": "investvoyager.com", "official_url_status": "repurposed", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.investvoyager.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-03", "uncertainty_notes": "Recovery details changed over time as sale efforts and litigation recoveries evolved. This seed should be upgraded with official wind-down and docket sources.", "notes": "First deep seed record for CYA." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000004", "slug": "genesis-global-capital", "canonical_name": "Genesis Global Capital", "aliases": [ "Genesis", "Genesis Global Holdco", "Genesis Global Capital LLC" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "counterparty_exposure", "launch_date": "2013-01-01", "end_date": "2024-05-29", "country_or_origin": "United States", "summary": "Institutional crypto lender and trading-linked firm whose lending arm halted withdrawals after the 2022 market contagion, filed for Chapter 11 in January 2023, and became central to Gemini Earn customer recovery.", "what_happened": "Genesis halted lending withdrawals after the FTX collapse, entered Chapter 11, and proceeded through a wind-down plan that enabled major Gemini Earn customer distributions while broader creditor outcomes remained plan-dependent.", "official_url_original": "https://genesistrading.com/", "official_domain_original": "genesistrading.com", "official_url_status": "live_unverified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://genesistrading.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-03", "uncertainty_notes": "Genesis outcomes varied between Gemini Earn customers and other Genesis creditor classes. This seed focuses on lending and Earn-related recovery and should be expanded with plan-level court documents.", "notes": "Added in second deep seed batch." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000005", "slug": "hodlnaut", "canonical_name": "Hodlnaut", "aliases": [ "Hodlnaut Pte. Ltd." ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "operations_ended", "failure_reason": "market_collapse", "launch_date": "2019-01-01", "end_date": "2023-11-10", "country_or_origin": "Singapore", "summary": "Singapore-based crypto lender and interest account platform that suspended withdrawals in August 2022, entered judicial management, and was later ordered into liquidation.", "what_happened": "Hodlnaut halted withdrawals during the 2022 crypto credit crisis, sought judicial management in Singapore, disclosed severe balance-sheet stress, and ultimately moved into liquidation rather than a successful restructuring.", "official_url_original": "https://www.hodlnaut.com/", "official_domain_original": "hodlnaut.com", "official_url_status": "dead_domain", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.hodlnaut.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-03", "uncertainty_notes": "Liquidation recovery details remain less complete than the platform halt and judicial-management record. Customer outcome should be upgraded with liquidator documents.", "notes": "Added in second deep seed batch." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000006", "slug": "vauld", "canonical_name": "Vauld", "aliases": [ "Vauld Group", "Defi Payments Pte. Ltd." ], "type": "crypto_interest_account", "status": "restructuring", "failure_reason": "liquidity_crisis", "launch_date": "2018-01-01", "end_date": null, "country_or_origin": "Singapore / India", "summary": "Crypto lending and yield platform that halted withdrawals, trading, and deposits in July 2022 during the credit-market crisis, pursued creditor protection and a possible Nexo transaction, and remained a restructuring/outcome case.", "what_happened": "Vauld halted customer activity after liquidity pressure in July 2022, sought protection while exploring restructuring paths, entered talks with Nexo, and became a creditor-outcome case rather than a normal active yield platform.", "official_url_original": "https://www.vauld.com/", "official_domain_original": "vauld.com", "official_url_status": "live_unverified", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.vauld.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-03", "uncertainty_notes": "Customer outcome and current restructuring status require a later direct-source pass. This seed uses conservative classification.", "notes": "Added in third seed batch." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000007", "slug": "haru-invest", "canonical_name": "Haru Invest", "aliases": [ "Haru", "Haru Management Limited" ], "type": "centralized_yield", "status": "bankrupt", "failure_reason": "insolvency", "launch_date": "2019-01-01", "end_date": "2023-06-14", "country_or_origin": "South Korea", "summary": "Crypto deposit and yield service that suspended withdrawals in June 2023. Haru Management Limited, the operating entity responsible for membership, product subscriptions, and customer virtual-asset management, was declared bankrupt by the Seoul Bankruptcy Court on 20 November 2024 after the court found grounds of inability to pay.", "what_happened": "Haru Invest stopped withdrawals in June 2023 and did not return to normal operations. Criminal proceedings later addressed alleged conduct by executives, while a separate bankruptcy proceeding resulted in the 20 November 2024 bankruptcy declaration of Haru Management Limited, the operating entity handling customer accounts and assets.", "official_url_original": "https://haruinvest.com/", "official_domain_original": "haruinvest.com", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://haruinvest.com/", "confidence": "medium", "last_verified_at": "2026-08-28", "uncertainty_notes": "The bankruptcy declaration establishes insolvency of Haru Management Limited and a court-supervised creditor process. It does not establish a completed distribution, a universal recovery percentage, or the final outcome of criminal allegations against executives.", "notes": "Lifecycle updated after review of the November 2024 Seoul Bankruptcy Court bankruptcy declaration as reported contemporaneously." }, { "id": "cya_plat_000008", "slug": "coinloan", "canonical_name": "CoinLoan", "aliases": [ "CoinLoan OÜ", "CoinLoan.io" ], "type": "cefi_lending", "status": "bankrupt", "failure_reason": "insolvency", "launch_date": "2017-01-01", "end_date": "2023-06-14", "country_or_origin": "Estonia / Global", "summary": "Estonian crypto lending and interest-account platform whose assets were placed under provisional court restraint in April 2023 before CoinLoan OÜ was declared bankrupt on 14 June 2023.", "what_happened": "CoinLoan operated custodial interest accounts and crypto-backed lending products. On 24 April 2023, an Estonian court prohibited CoinLoan OÜ from disposing of assets without the provisional trustee's consent. The Harju County Court declared the company bankrupt on 14 June 2023 in proceeding 2-23-3290. The trustee later prepared creditor lists, and the court confirmed the creditor list on 10 April 2025. Bankruptcy administration and creditor recovery remained ongoing after that confirmation.", "official_url_original": "https://coinloan.io/", "official_domain_original": "coinloan.io", "official_url_status": "unknown", "archived_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://coinloan.io/", "confidence": "high", "last_verified_at": "2026-06-15", "uncertainty_notes": "The 2017 launch date remains approximate. Reviewed official notices establish the bankruptcy and creditor-list process but do not establish one final universal recovery percentage or completion date for all creditor classes.", "notes": "Existing seed record upgraded with official Estonian court-publication evidence after duplicate candidate validation matched cya_plat_000008." } ] }